Wednesday, April 26, 2006

Gi Listing

What is the Glycemic Index?

Not all carbohydrate foods are created equal, in fact they behave quite differently in our bodies. The glycemic index or GI describes this difference by ranking carbohydrates according to their effect on our blood glucose levels. Choosing low GI carbs - the ones that produce only small fluctuations in our blood glucose and insulin levels - is the secret to long-term health reducing your risk of heart disease and diabetes and is the key to sustainable weight loss.

What are the Benefits of the Glycemic Index?

Eating a lot of high GI foods can be detrimental to your health because it pushes your body to extremes. This is especially true if you are overweight and sedentary. Switching to eating mainly low GI carbs that slowly trickle glucose into your blood stream keeps your energy levels balanced and means you will feel fuller for longer between meals.

  • Low GI diets help people lose and control weight
  • Low GI diets increase the body's sensitivity to insulin
  • Low GI carbs improve diabetes control
  • Low GI carbs reduce the risk of heart disease
  • Low GI carbs reduce blood cholesterol levels
  • Low GI carbs can help you manage the symptoms of PCOS
  • Low GI carbs reduce hunger and keep you fuller for longer
  • Low GI carbs prolong physical endurance
  • High GI carbs help re-fuel carbohydrate stores after exercise

How to Switch to a Low GI Diet

The basic technique for eating the low GI way is simply a "this for that" approach - ie, swapping high GI carbs for low GI carbs. You don't need to count numbers or do any sort of mental arithmetic to make sure you are eating a healthy, low GI diet.

  • Use breakfast cereals based on oats, barley and bran
  • Use breads with wholegrains, stone-ground flour, sour dough
  • Reduce the amount of potatoes you eat
  • Enjoy all other types of fruit and vegetables
  • Use Basmati, Doongara or Japanese koshihikari rice
  • Enjoy pasta, noodles, quinoa
  • Eat plenty of salad vegetables with a vinaigrette dressing

posted by Lasik at 9:52 PM

GI Listing

REVISED INTERNATIONAL TABLE OF GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI) AND GLYCEMIC LOAD (GL)—2002 1
Food Number and Item GI 2 Serve GL 3
glucose size per
=100 grams serve
BAKERY PRODUCTS
Cakes
1 Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada) 67 50 19
2 Banana cake, made with sugar 47±8 80 18
3 Banana cake, made without sugar 55±10 80 16
4 Chocolate cake made from packet mix with chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker, General Mills 38±3 111 20
Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA)
5 Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles, Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Vic, Australia) 73±12 38 19
6 Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and coconut) (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia) 87±17 50 25
7 Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada) 54 53 15
8 Sponge cake, plain 46±6 63 17
9 Vanilla cake made from packet mix with vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA) 42±4 111 24
10 Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada) 67 57 17
11 Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Etobicoke, Canada) 69 50 13
12 Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada) 76 47 17
13 Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) 65 70 31
14 Muffins
Apple, made with sugar 4 44±6 60 13
Apple, made without sugar 4 48±10 60 9
Apple, oat, sultana, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Acacia Ridge, Qld, Australia) 54±4 50 14
Apricot, coconut and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia) 60±4 50 16
Banana, oat and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia) 65±11 50 17
Bran (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins, Aurora, Canada) 60 57 15
Blueberry (Culinar Inc., Canada) 59 57 17
Carrot (Culinar Inc., Canada) 62 57 20
Chocolate butterscotch, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia) 53±5 50 15
Corn muffin, low-amylose 5 102 57 30
Corn muffin, high-amylose 5 49
Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada) 69 50 24
15 Pancakes, prepared from shake mix (Green's General Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia) 67±5 80 39
16 Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet mix (Orgran Natural Foods, 102±11 77 22
Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)
17 Pastry 59±6 57 15
18 Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia) 85±14 40 18
19 Scones, plain, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia) 92±8 25 8
20 Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada) 76 35 10
BEVERAGES
21 Coca Cola ®
Coca Cola ® , soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 53±7 250 14
Coca Cola ® , soft drink/soda (Coca Cola Bottling Company, Atlanta, GA, USA) 63 250 16
mean of two types 58±5
22 Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 66±8 250 13
23 Fanta ® , orange soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Australia) 68±6 250 23
24 Lucozade ® , original (sparkling glucose drink) (Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK) 95±10 250 40
25 Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA) 33±9 250 14
26 Smoothie drink, soy, banana (So Natural Foods, Tarren Point, NSW, Australia) 6 30±3 250 7
27 Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6 34±3 250 8
28 Solo TM, lemon squash, soft drink (Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6 58±5 250 17
29 Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6 43±5 250 11
(Sanitarium Health Foods, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
30 Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6 46±5 250 11
(Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)
31 Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6 39±2 250 13
(So Natural Foods, Australia)
Juices
32 Apple juice
Apple juice, pure, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 39±5
Apple juice, unsweetened 40
Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada) 41
mean of three studies 40±1 250 12
33 Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Wandin, Vic, Australia) 44±2 250 13
34 Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia) 37±3 250 10
35 Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia) 43±3 250 14
36 Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia) 6 43±3 250 10
37 Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® , Melbourne, Vic, Australia) 52±3 250 16
38 Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA) 68±3 250 24
39 Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK) 56±4 250 16
40 Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada) 48 250 11
41 Orange juice
Orange Juice (Canada) 46±6
Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Quelch ® , Berri Ltd., Carlton, Vic, Australia) 53±6
mean of two studies 50±4 250 13
42 Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada) 46 250 16
43 Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6 38±4 250 4
44 Yakult ® , fermented milk drink with Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Vic, Australia) 46±6 65 6
Sports drinks
45 Gatorade ® (Spring Valley Beverages Pty Ltd., Cheltenham, Vic, Australia) 78±13 250 12
46 Isostar ® (Novartis Consumer Health, Nyon, Switzerland) 70±15 250 13
47 Sports Plus ® (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 74±6 250 13
48 Sustagen Sport ® (Mead Johnson, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia) 43±9 250 21
Drinks made from drinking mix powders
49 Build-Up TM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla with fiber, (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 41±4 250 14
50 Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with hot water (Nestlé, Australia) 51±3 250 11
51 Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy protein and whey powder 36±3 250 7
(Harrod foods, Sefton, NSW, Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) cow's milk
52 Malted milk powder in full-fat cow's milk (Nestlé, Australia) 45±3 250 12
53 Milo TM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water 55±3 250 9
Milo TM (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand) dissolved in water 52±5 250 9
mean of two studies 54±2
Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk 35±2 250 9
Milo TM (Nestlé, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk 36±3 250 9
mean of two studies 36±1
54 Nutrimeal TM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate (Usana, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) 26±3 250 4
55 Quik TM (sweet drink powder)
Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia), dissolved in water 53±5 250 4
Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk 41±4 250 5
Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in water 64±8 250 5
Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk 35±3 250 4
BREADS
56 Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada) 72 70 25
57 Baguette, white, plain (France) 95±15 30 15
58 French baguette with chocolate spread (France) 72±8 70 27
59 French baguette with butter and strawberry jam (France) 62±7 70 26
60 Pain au lait (Pasquier, France) 63±10 60 20
61 Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 74 30 16
Barley Breads
62 Coarse barley kernel bread, 75-80% kernels
75% kernels 27 30 5
80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour) 34 30 7
80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour) 40 30 8
mean of three studies 34±4
63 Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels
50% kernels (Canada) 43 30 9
50% kibbled barley (Australia) 48 30 10
mean of two studies 46±2 30 9
64 Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 57±6 30 6
65 Barley flour breads
100% barley flour (Canada); (rye bread composition) 67 30 9
Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread (20% white wheat flour) (Sweden) 67 30 13
Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft 50 30 7
(50% regular barley flour, 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft 43 30 5
(20% regular barley flour, 80% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
66 Wholemeal barley flour (80%) and white wheat flour (20%) breads -
fermented or with added organic acids or salts (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference for the 5 breads below) 5 70 30 14
Wholemeal barley flour bread with sourdough (lactic acid) 5 53 30 10
Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid 5 66 30 12
Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate 5 59 30 12
Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate 5 65 30 13
Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose sodium propionate 5 57 30 11
Buckwheat bread
67 Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden) 47 30 10
Fruit Breads
68 Bürgen TM Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia) 44±5 30 6
69 Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced (Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, NSW, Australia) 54±6 30 8
70 Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread with dried fruit (Australia) 47±6 30 7
71 Happiness TM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread) (Natural Ovens, Manitowoc, WI, USA) 63±5 30 9
72 Muesli bread, made from packet mix in bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA) 54±6 30 7
73 Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada) 61 30 9
74 Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada) 73 30 12
75 Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc., Etobicoke, Canada) 70 30 16
Gluten-free bread
76 Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia) 79±13 30 10
77 Gluten-free white bread, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK) 71 30 11
Gluten-free white bread, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK) 80 30 12
mean of two studies 76±5 30 11
78 Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK) 69 30 9
Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK) 76 30 10
mean of two studies 73±4 30 9
Oat Bread
79 Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden) 65 30 12
Oat bran bread
80 50% oat bran (Australia) 44 30 8
81 45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden) 50 30 9
mean of two studies 47±3 30 9
Rice bread
82 Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, NSW, Australia) 72±9 30 8
83 Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia) 61±9 30 7
Rye Bread
84 Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden) 41 30 5
Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada) 41 30 5
Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 46 30 5
Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada) 55 30 7
Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Toronto, Canada) 55 30 7
Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada) 62 30 8
mean of six studies 50±4 30 6
85 Wholemeal rye bread
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 41
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 62
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 63
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada) 66
mean of four studies 58±6 30 8
Specialty rye breads
86 Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 76±14 30 10
87 Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 55±12
Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 74±6
mean of two studies 65±10 30 7
88 Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada) 67 30 9
89 Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) 68 30 10
90 Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 55 30 7
91 Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 59±5 30 8
92 Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 86±15 30 12
93 Sourdough rye (Canada) 57
Sourdough rye (Australia) 48
mean of two studies 53±5 30 6
94 Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada) 56 30 7
Wheat Breads
95 Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden) 52 30 10
96 Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada) 58 30 12
75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada) 48 30 10
mean of two studies 53±3 30 11
Spelt wheat breads
97 White spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia) 74 30 17
98 Wholemeal spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia) 63 30 12
99 Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread 9 (Slovenia) 67 30 15
100 Spelt multigrain bread ® (Pav's bakery, Australia) 54±10 30 7
101 White wheat flour bread
White flour (Canada) 69±5 30 10
White flour (USA) 70 30 10
White flour, Sunblest TM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 70 30 10
White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada) 71 30 10
White flour (South Africa) 71±7 30 9
White flour (Canada) 71 30 10
mean of six studies 70±0 30 10
102 White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italian) 73 30 11
103 Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, Kansas City, MO, USA) 71±9
Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA) 72±4
Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA) 77±3
mean of three studies 73±2 30 10
104 White Turkish bread (Turkey) 87 30 15
White bread with enzyme inhibitors
105 White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico) 18 30 3
White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico) 50 30 8
mean in two groups of subjects 34±16 30 6
106 White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland) 5 48 30 6
107 White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland) 5 29 30 4
White bread with soluble fiber
108 White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico) 41 30 7
White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico) 65 30 11
mean in two groups of subjects 53±12 30 9
109 White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette (Sweden) 45 30 7
110 White bread eaten with powdered dried seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain) 48 30 7
111 White bread containing Eurylon ® high-amylose maize starch (France) 12 42 30 8
White fiber-enriched bread
112 White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada) 67
113 White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) 69
mean of two studies 68±1 30 9
White resistant starch-enriched bread
114 Fibre White TM (Nature's Fresh, Auckland, New Zealand) 77±10 30 11
115 Wonderwhite TM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia) 80±8 30 11
116 Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 52 30 6
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 64 30 8
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 65 30 8
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 67 30 8
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 67 30 8
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 69 30 8
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 71 30 8
Wholemeal flour (Canada) 72±6 30 8
Wholemeal flour (USA) 5 73 30 10
Wholemeal flour (South Africa) 75±9 30 9
Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 77±9 30 9
Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 78±16 30 9
Wholemeal flour (Kenya) 87 30 11
mean of thirteen studies 71± 2 30 9
117 Wholemeal Turkish bread 49 30 8
Specialty wheat breads
118 Bürgen ® Mixed Grain bread (Australia)
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia) 34±4
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain 45±12
Bürgen ® Mixed Grain 69±6
mean of three studies 49±10 30 6
119 Bürgen ® Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 31±3 30 3
120 Bürgen ® Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%) loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 36±4 30 3
121 English Muffin TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 77±7 30 11
122 Healthy Choice TM Hearty 7 Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA) 55±6 30 8
123 Healthy Choice TM Hearty 100% Whole Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA) 62±6 30 9
124 Helga's TM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 68±9 30 9
125 Helga's TM traditional wholemeal bread (Quality Bakers, Australia) 70±14 30 9
126 Hunger Filler TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 59±8 30 7
127 Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland, New Zealand) 75±10
Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, New Zealand) 84±8
mean of two studies 80±5 30 11
128 9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) 43±5 30 6
129 Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia) 54±10 30 8
130 Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia) 43 30 6
131 Nutty Natural TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 59±7 30 7
132 Performax TM (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia) 38±3 30 5
133 Ploughman's TM Wholegrain, original recipe (Quality Bakers, Australia) 47 30 7
134 Ploughman's TM Wholemeal, smooth milled (Quality Bakers, Australia) 64±10 30 9
135 Semolina Bread (Kenya) 64
136 Sourdough wheat (Australia) 54 30 8
137 Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA) 50±6 30 5
138 Stay Trim TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 70±10 30 10
139 Sunflower & Barley bread, Riga brand (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Australia) 57±6 30 7
140 Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co., Sydney, NSW, Australia) 55±5 30 7
141 Vogel's Roggenbrot (Stevns & Co., Australia) 59±5 30 8
142 Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK) 74 30 16
143 100% Whole Grain TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA) 51±11 30 7
144 White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden) 79 30 13
Unleavened Breads
145 Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 75±9 30 12
146 Middle Eastern flatbread 97±29 30 15
147 Pita bread, white (Canada) 57 30 10
148 Wheat flour flatbread (India) 66±9 30 10
149 Amaranth : wheat (25:75) composite flour flatbread (India) 66±10 30 10
150 Amaranth : wheat (50:50) composite flour flatbread (India) 76±20 30 11
BREAKFAST CEREALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
151 All-Bran TM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia) 13 30 30 4
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA) 38 30 9
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada) 50 30 9
All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 51±5 30 9
mean of four studies 42±5
152 All-Bran Fruit 'n Oats TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 39 30 7
153 All-Bran Soy 'n Fibre TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 33±3 30 4
154 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped, 97±19 30 18
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
Barley porridge
155 Wholemeal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley) 68 50 (dry) 23
(flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
156 Wholemeal high-fibre barley flour porridge 55 50 (dry) 8
(50% regular barley flour: 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
157 Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden) 62 50 (dry) 17
158 Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden) 65 50 (dry) 18
159 Bran Buds TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15 58 30 7
160 Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15 47 30 6
161 Bran Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15 58 30 11
162 Bran Flakes TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 74 30 13
163 Cheerios TM (General Mills Inc., Etobicoke, Canada) 15 74 30 15
164 Chocapic TM (Nestlé, France) 84±9 30 21
165 Coco Pops TM (cocoa flavoured puffed rice)
Coco Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 77±8
Coco Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 77±3
mean of two studies 77 30 20
166 Corn Bran TM (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada) 15 75 30 15
167 Corn Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15 83 30 21
168 Cornflakes TM
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, Auckland, New Zealand) 72±16 30 18
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 77 30 20
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 80±6 30 21
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 86 30 22
Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, USA) 5 92 30 24
mean of five studies 81±3 30 21
169 Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice, Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15 74 30 17
170 Cornflakes, Crunchy Nut TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 72±4 30 17
171 Corn Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 80±4 30 21
172 Cream of Wheat TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15 66 250 17
173 Cream of Wheat TM, Instant (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15 74 250 22
174 Crispix TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15 87 30 22
175 Energy Mix TM (Quaker, France) 80±7 30 19
176 Froot Loops TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 69±9 30 18
177 Frosties TM, sugar-coated cornflakes (Kellogg's, Australia) 55 30 15
178 Fruitful Lite TM (Hubbards, Auckland, New Zealand) 61±20 30 12
179 Fruity-Bix TM, berry (Sanitarium, Auckland, New Zealand) 113±10 30 25
180 Golden Grahams TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15 71 30 18
181 Golden Wheats TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 71±8 30 16
182 Grapenuts TM
Grapenuts TM (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Toronto, Canada) 15 67 30 13
Grapenuts TM (Kraft Foods Inc., Port Chester, NY, USA) 75±6 30 16
mean of two studies 71±4 30 15
183 Grapenuts TM Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Canada) 15 80 30 17
184 Guardian TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 37±9 30 5
185 Healthwise TM for bowel health (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Vic, Australia) 66±9 30 12
186 Healthwise TM for heart health (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 48±5 30 9
187 Honey Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 77±4 30 20
188 Honey Smacks TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 71±10 30 16
189 Hot cereal, apple & cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., USA) 37±6 30 8
190 Hot cereal, unflavoured (Con Agra Inc., USA) 25±5 30 5
191 Just Right TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 60±15 30 13
192 Just Right Just Grains TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 62±11 30 14
193 Komplete TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 48±5 30 10
194 Life TM (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15 66 30 16
195 Mini Wheats TM, whole wheat (Kellogg's, Australia) 58±8 30 12
196 Mini Wheats TM, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia) 72±10 30 15
Muesli
197 Muesli, NS (Canada) 66±9 30 16
198 Alpen Muesli (Wheetabix, France) 55±10 30 10
199 Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia) with 1.5% fat milk 39±6 30 7
200 Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, New Zealand) 54±12 30 10
201 Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, New Zealand) 57±9 30 11
202 Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia) 40±6 30 8
mean of two studies 49±9 30 10
203 Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15 60 30 11
204 Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 56±8 30 9
205 Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 43+4 30 7
206 Nutrigrain TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 66±12 30 10
207 Oat 'n Honey Bake TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 77±11 30 13
208 Oat bran
Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15 50 10 2
Oat bran, raw 59 10 3
mean of two studies 55±5 10 3
209 Porridge made from rolled oats
Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 13 42 250 9
Porridge (Canada) 16 49±8 250 11
Traditional porridge oats (Lowan Whole Foods, Box Hill, Vic, Australia) 51±8 250 11
Porridge (Hubbards, New Zealand) 58±9 250 12
Porridge (Australia) 58±4 250 12
Porridge (Canada) 62 250 14
Porridge (Canada) 69 250 16
Porridge (USA) 6 75 250 17
mean of eight studies 58±4 250 13
210 Wholemeal oat flour porridge (flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden) 74 50 (dry) 24
211 Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) 55 250 15
212 Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) 69 250 19
213 Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) 50 250 14
214 Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) 80 250 22
215 Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) 53 250 14
216 Instant Porridge
Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 65
One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15 66
mean of two studies 66±1 250 17
217 Pop Tarts TM, Double Chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia) 70±2 50 25
218 Pro Stars TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15 71 30 17
219 Puffed Wheat
Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15 67 30 13
Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Australia) 80±11 30 17
mean of two studies 74±7 30 16
220 Raisin Bran TM (Kellogg's, USA) 61±5 30 12
221 Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada) 49 30 11
222 Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd., Leeton, NSW, Australia) 19±3 30 2
223 Rice Bubbles TM (puffed rice)
Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 13 81
Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 85±3
Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 95
mean of three studies 87±4 30 22
224 Rice Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15 89 30 23
225 Rice Krispies TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15 82 30 21
226 Shredded Wheat 30 22
Shredded Wheat (Canada) 67±10 30 13
Shredded Wheat TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15 83 30 17
mean of two studies 75±8 30 15
Special K TM - formulation of this cereal varies in different countries
227 Special K TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 54±4 30 11
228 Special K TM (Kellogg's, USA) 69±5 30 14
229 Special K TM (Kellogg's, France) 84±12 30 20
230 Soy Tasty TM (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit) (Sanitarium, Australia) 60±5 30 12
231 Soytana TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch with sultanas (20.1 g fiber per 100 g), 49±3 45 12
(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
232 Sultana Bran TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 73±13 30 14
233 Sustain TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 13 68 30 15
234 Team TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15 82 30 17
235 Thank Goodness TM (Hubbards, New Zealand) 65±18 30 15
236 Total TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15 76 30 17
237 Ultra-bran TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed extruded wheat bran cereal (30.2 g fiber per 100 g) 41±4 30 5
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
238 Wheat-bites TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 72±11 30 18
239 Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat)
Vita-Brits TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 13 61 30 12
Vita-Brits TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 68±6 30 13
Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia) 69 30 12
Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia) 69±4 30 12
Weetabix TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd., Thornhill, Canada) 15 74 30 16
Weetabix TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd.) 75±10 30 16
Whole wheat Goldies TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 70±4 30 14
mean of seven studies 70±2 30 13
Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with additional ingredients
240 Good Start TM, muesli wheat biscuits (Sanitarium, Australia) 68±4 30 14
241 Hi-Bran Weet-Bix TM, wheat biscuits with extra wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia) 61±4 30 10
242 Hi-Bran Weet-Bix TM with soy and linseed (Sanitarium, Australia) 57±3 30 9
243 Honey Goldies TM (Kellogg's Australia) 72±3 30 15
244 Lite-Bix TM, plain, no added sugar (Sanitarium, Australia) 70±3 30 14
245 Oat bran Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia) 57±4 30 11
246 Sultana Goldies TM (Kellogg's Australia) 65±6 30 13
BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS
247 Crunchy Nut Cornflakes TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 72±6 30 19
248 Fibre Plus TM bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 78±9 30 18
249 Fruity-Bix TM bar, fruit and nut, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit and nuts 56±4 30 10
with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
250 Fruity-Bix TM bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal with fruit and covered with 51±4 30 9
yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
251 K-Time Just Right TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 72±4 30 17
252 K-Time Strawberry Crunch TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 77±5 30 19
253 Rice Bubble Treat TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 63±11 30 15
254 Sustain TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia) 57±10 30 14
CEREAL GRAINS
Amaranth
255 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped, 97±19 30 21
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
Barley
256 Pearl Barley
Barley, pearled (Canada) 22
Barley (Canada) 22
Barley, pot, boiled in salted water 20 min (Gouda's foods, Concord, Canada) 25±2
Barley (Canada) 27
Barley, pearled (Canada) 29
mean of five studies 25±1 150 11
257 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) 37
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) 48
mean of two groups of subjects 43±6 150 26
258 Barley, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia) 50 150 21
259 Barley, rolled (Australia) 66±5 50 (dry) 25
260 Buckwheat
Buckwheat (Canada) 49
Buckwheat (Canada) 51±10
Buckwheat (Canada) 63
mean of three studies 54±4 150 16
261 Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated, dehusked, boiled 12 min (Sweden) 45 150 13
Corn/Maize
262 Maize (Zea Mays), flour made into chapatti (India) 59
263 Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya) 109
264 Cornmeal
Cornmeal, boiled in salted water 2 min (McNair Products Co. Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 68 150 9
Cornmeal + margarine (McNair Products Co. Ltd., Canada) 69 150 9
mean of two studies 69±1 150 9
265 Sweet corn
Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand) 37±12 150 11
Sweet corn, on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia) 48 150 14
Sweet corn (Canada) 59±11 150 20
Sweet corn (USA) 60 150 20
Sweet corn (USA) 60 150 20
Sweet corn (South Africa) 62±5 150 20
mean of six studies 53±4 150 17
266 Sweet corn, whole kernel, canned, diet-pack, drained (Featherweight, USA) 46 150 13
267 Sweet corn, frozen, reheated in microwave 47 150 16
(Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
268 Taco shells, cornmeal-based, baked (Old El Paso Foods Co., Toronto, Canada) 68 20 8
Couscous
269 Couscous, boiled 5 min (Near East Food Products Co., Leominster, MA, USA) 61
Couscous, boiled 5 min (Tunisia) 69
mean of two studies 65±4 150 23
Millet
270 Millet, boiled (Canada) 71±10 150 25
271 Millet flour porridge (Kenya) 107
Rice, white
272 Arborio, risotto rice, boiled (Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia) 69±7 150 36
273 White (Oryza sativa), boiled (India) 69±15 150 30
274 Rice, boiled white, type NS
Type NS, eaten alone (France) 45 150 14
Type NS (India) 48 150 18
Type NS (Canada) 51 150 21
Type NS (France) 52 150 19
Type NS (Canada) 56 150 23
Type NS (Pakistan) 69 150 26
Type NS (Canada) 72±9 150 30
Type NS, boiled in salted water (India) 72 150 27
Type NS, boiled 13 min (Italy) 102 150 31
Type NS (Kenya) 112 150 47
Type NS, boiled (France) 43 150 13
Type NS, boiled (France) 47 150 14
mean of 12 studies 64±7 150 23
275 Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated 16-20h, reheated (India) 53 150 20
276 Type NS, boiled 13 min, then baked 10 min (Italy) 104 150 31
277 Long grain, boiled
Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada) 41 150 16
Long grain, white, unconverted, boiled 15 min (Mahatma brand, Riviana Foods, 50 150 21
Wetherill Park, NSW, Australia )
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Toronto, Canada) 55 150 22
Long grain, white (Uncle Bens, Auckland, New Zealand) 56±7 150 24
Long grain, boiled 25 min (Surinam) 56±2 150 24
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada) 57 150 23
Long grain, boiled 15 min 58 150 23
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada) 60 150 24
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada) 60 150 24
Long grain, white, boiled 7 min (Star brand, Gouda foods, Concord, Canada) 64±3 150 26
mean of 10 studies 56±2 150 23
Rice, long grain, quick-cooking varieties
278 Long grain, parboiled 10 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium) 68±6 150 25
279 Long grain, parboiled, 20 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium) 75±7 150 28
280 Long grain, white, pre-cooked, microwaved 2 min (Express Rice, plain, Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods 52±5 150 19
King's Lynn, Norfolk, UK)
Rice, specialty rices
281 Cajun Style, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Bolton, Canada) 51 150 19
282 Garden Style, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada) 55 150 21
283 Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada) 54 150 20
284 Mexican Fast and Fancy, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada) 58 150 22
285 Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada) 57 150 18
286 Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand) 86±10 150 37
287 Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand) 98±7 150 31
288 Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand) 109±10 150 46
Rice, white low-amylose
289 Calrose, white, medium grain, boiled (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 83±13 150 36
290 Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 87±7 150 37
291 Waxy (0-2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 88±11 150 38
292 Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 93±11 150 40
293 White, low-amylose, boiled (Turkey) 139 150 60
Rice, white high-amylose
294 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose) 37 150 14
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, white, long-grain (27% amylose), boiled 17.5 min 39 150 15
mean of two studies 38 150 15
295 Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 50±6
Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 64±9
Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 54±7
mean of three studies 56±4 150 22
296 Koshikari (Japonica), white, short-grain, boiled 15 min then steamed 10 min (Japan) 48±8 150 18
297 Basmati
Basmati, white, boiled (Mahatma brand, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 58±8 150 22
Precooked basmati rice in pouch, white, reheated in microwave, Uncle Ben's Express ® 57±4 150 24
(Masterfoods. Kings Lynn, Norfolk, UK)
Quick cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min, Uncle Ben's Superior (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium) 60±5 150 23
298 Rice, brown
Brown (Canada) 66±5 150 21
Brown, steamed (USA) 5 50 150 16
Brown (Oriza Sativa), boiled (South India) 5 50±19 150 16
mean of three studies 55±5 150 18
Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 87±8 150 33
Doongara brown, high amylose (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 66±7 150 24
Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 76±6 150 29
Parboiled, cooked 20 min, Uncle Ben's Natur-reis ® (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium) 64±7 150 23
Sunbrown Quick TM (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 80±7 150 31
299 Instant/puffed rice
Instant rice, white, boiled 1 min (Canada) 46 150 19
Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min (Trice brand, Australia) 87 150 36
Puffed, white, cooked 5 min, Uncle Ben's Snabbris ® (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium) 74±5 150 31
mean of three studies 69±12 150 29
Instant doongara, white, cooked 5 min (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 94±7 150 35
300 Parboiled rice
Parboiled rice (Canada) 48 150 18
Parboiled rice (USA) 72 150 26
Converted, white, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada) 45 150 16
Converted, white, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's ® (Masterfoods USA, Vernon, CA) 38 150 14
Converted, white, long grain, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's ® (Masterfoods USA) 50 150 18
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 6 39 150 14
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 42 150 15
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 43 150 16
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 46 150 17
Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada) 38 150 14
Long grain, boiled, 10 min (USA) 5 61 150 22
Long grain, boiled 15 min (Canada) 47 150 17
Long grain, boiled 25 min (Canada) 46 150 17
mean of thirteen studies 47±3 150 17
301 Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional Indian meal (India) 5 99
302 Parboiled, low-amylose
Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled (12% amylose) 51 150 19
Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 87±7 150 34
303 Parboiled, high-amylose
Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 50±6 150 19
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled (28% amylose) 35 150 13
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled (27% amylose) 32 150 12
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled (27% amylose) 27 150 11
Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled (27% amylose) 33 150 13
Mean of 5 studies 35±4 150 14
304 Rye, whole kernels
Rye, whole kernels (Canada) 29 50 (dry) 11
Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada) 34 50 (dry) 13
Rye, whole kernels (Canada) 39 50 (dry) 15
mean of three studies 34±3 50 (dry) 13
Wheat
305 Wheat, whole kernels
Wheat, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum) (India) 11 30±9 50 (dry) 11
Wheat, whole kernels (Canada) 42 50 (dry) 14
Wheat, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada) 44 50 (dry) 14
Wheat, whole kernels (Canada) 48 50 (dry) 16
mean of four studies 41±3 50 (dry) 14
306 Wheat, type NS(India) 90 50 (dry) 34
307 Wheat, precooked kernels
Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 20 min (Ebly, Chateaudun, France) 52±4 50 (dry) 19
Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France) 50±5 50 (dry) 17
Durum wheat, precooked in pouch, reheated in microwave, Ebly Express (Ebly, France) 40±5 125 16
Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 54±11 150 25
308 Semolina
Semolina, roasted at 105 °C then gelatinised with water (India) 55±9
Semolina, steamed and gelatinised (India) 54±13
mean of two studies 55±1 150 6
309 Cracked wheat (bulgur/bourghul)
Bulgur, boiled (Canada) 46
Bulgur, boiled in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada) 46
Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada) 46
Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada) 53
mean of four studies 48±2 150 12
COOKIES
Arrowroot
310 Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods, Toronto, Canada) 63 25 13
311 Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada) 62 25 11
312 Milk Arrowroot TM (Arnotts, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 69±7 25 12
mean of three studies 65±2 25 12
313 Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France) 71±6 40 23
314 Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) 57±9 50 19
315 Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) 51±9 50 17
316 Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) 67±11 25 14
317 Digestives
Digestives (Canada) 55
Digestives (Canada) 59±7
Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 62
mean of three studies 59±2 25 10
318 Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia Dietary Care Ltd., Redish, Stockport, UK) 58 25 10
319 Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands) 66±12 38 14
320 Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand) 77±25 25 13
321 Graham Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Toronto, Canada) 74 25 14
322 Gran'Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil) 28±5 30 6
323 Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France) 55±6 30 9
324 Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France) 50±5 30 7
325 Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands) 62±3 30 12
326 Highland Oatmeal TM (Westons biscuits, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 55±8 25 10
327 Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd., Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland) 57 25 8
328 LU P'tit Déjeuner Chocolat (LU, France) 42±5 50 14
329 LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France) 45±5 50 16
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France) 52±3 50 18
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France) 49±8 50 18
mean of three studies 49±2 50 17
330 Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd., New Zealand) 50±10 25 9
331 Morning Coffee TM (Arnotts, Australia) 79±6 25 15
332 Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France) 57±4 35 13
333 Oatmeal (Canada) 54±4 25 9
334 Oro (Saiwa, Italy) 61±9 40 20
Oro (Saiwa, Italy) 67±17 40 21
mean of two studies 64±3 40 20
335 Petit LU Normand (LU, France) 51±3 25 10
336 Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France) 48±4 25 9
337 Prince Energie+ (LU, France) 73±5 25 13
338 Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France) 53±5
Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France) 50±5
mean of two studies 52±2 45 16
339 Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain) 49±12 50 18
340 Prince Petit Déjeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain) 45±6 50 16
341 Rich Tea (Canada) 55±4 25 10
342 Sablé des Flandres (LU, France) 57±10 20 8
343 Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia) 64±8 25 10
344 Shredded Wheatmeal TM (Arnotts, Australia) 62±4 25 11
345 Snack Right Fruit Slice (97% fat-free) (Arnott's, Australia) 45±3 25 9
346 Thé (LU, France) 41±7 20 6
347 Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada) 77 25 14
348 Véritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) 51±8 25 9
CRACKERS
349 Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd., Kitchener, Canada) 67 25 10
350 Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free (Real Foods, St Peters, NSW, Australia) 87±10 25 18
351 Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil) 65±11 25 11
352 High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia) 52±8 25 9
353 Jatz TM, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia) 55±5 25 10
354 Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia) 81±9 25 15
355 Puffed rice cakes
Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Leeton, NSW, Australia) 82±11 25 17
Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 91±7 25 19
Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia) 61±5 25 13
mean of three studies 78±9 25 17
356 Rye crispbread
Rye crispbread (Canada) 63 25 10
Ryvita TM (Canada) 69±10 25 11
High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK) 59 25 9
Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., UK) 63 25 11
mean of four studies 64±2 25 11
357 Kavli TM Norwegian Crispbread (Players Biscuits, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 71±7 25 12
358 Sao TM, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia) 70±9 25 12
359 Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown & Co., Canada) 67 25 12
360 Water cracker
Water cracker (Canada) 63±9 25 11
Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia) 78±11 25 14
mean of two studies 71±8 25 13
361 Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada) 74 25 12
362 Vita-wheat TM, original, crispbread (Arnott's, Australia) 55±4 25 10
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Custard
363 No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder with whole milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 35±2 100 6
364 Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch, and sugar (Australia) 43±10 100 7
365 TRIM TM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd., South Brisbane, Qld, Australia) 37±4 100 6
mean of three studies 38±2 100 6
366 Ice cream, Regular/NS
Ice cream, NS (Canada) 36±8
Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy) 57
Ice cream, NS(USA) 62
Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA) 68±15
Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy) 80
mean of five studies 61±7 50 8
367 Ice cream, Reduced- or Low-fat
Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, 'Light' (Peter's, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 50±8 50 3
Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2 % fat), Prestige Light rich vanilla (Norco, Lismore, NSW, Australia) 6 47±5 50 5
Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat), Prestige Light traditional toffee (Norco, Australia) 6 37±4 50 5
Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1 % fat), Prestige golden macadamia (Norco, Australia) 6 39±3 50 5
368 Ice cream, Premium (high-fat)
Ice cream, premium, Ultra chocolate, 15% fat (Sara Lee, Gosford, NSW, Australia) 37±3 50 4
Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat (Sara Lee, Australia) 38±3 50 3
369 Milk, full-fat
Full-fat (Italy) 11
Full-fat (3% fat, Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) 6 21
Full-fat (Italy) 24
Full-fat cow's milk, fresh (Dairy Farmers, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 31±2
Full-fat (Canada) 34±6
Full-fat (USA) 40
mean of five studies 27±4 250 3
370 Fermented cow's milk (ropy milk, långfil, 3% fat) (Arla, Gävle, Sweden) 6 11
371 Fermented cow's milk (filmjölk, 3% fat) (Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) 6 11
mean of two foods 11
372 Milk, full-fat, plus bran
Full-fat + 20g wheat bran (Italy) 25
Full-fat + 20g wheat bran (Italy) 28
mean of two studies 27±2 250 3
373 Milk, skim (Canada) 32±5 250 4
374 Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 61±6 50 17
375 Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame, Lite White TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia) 24±6 250 3
376 Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar, Lite White TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia) 34±4 250 9
377 Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from commerical mousse mix with water
Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestlé, Australia) 36±4 50 4
Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestlé, Australia) 31±4 50 3
Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestlé, Australia) 36±4 50 4
Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestlé, Australia) 33±5 50 4
Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestlé, Australia) 36±5 50 4
Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestlé, Australia) 32±3 50 3
mean of six foods 34±1 50 4
378 Pudding
instant, chocolate, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 47±4 100 7
instant, vanilla, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Australia) 40±4 100 6
mean of two foods 44±4 100 7
379 Yoghurt
Yoghurt, type NS (Canada) 36±4 200 3
380 Low-fat yoghurt
Low-fat, fruit, aspartame, Ski TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia) 14±4 200 2
Low-fat, fruit, sugar, Ski TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia) 33±7 200 10
Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'lite TM, Dairy Farmers, Australia) 31±14 200 9
381 Non-fat yoghurt, sweetened with acesulfame K and Splenda
Diet Vaalia TM, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 23±2 200 4
Diet Vaalia TM, mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 23±2 200 3
Diet Vaalia TM, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 25±3 200 3
Diet Vaalia TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 23±2 200 3
Diet Vaalia TM, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia) 6 23±2 200 3
mean of five foods 24±1 200 3
382 Reduced-fat yoghurt
Reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, apricot & mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 26±4 200 8
Reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, french vanilla (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 26±4 200 3
Reduced-fat, Extra-Lite TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 28±4 200 9
mean of three foods 27±1 200 7
383 Yoghurt drink, reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, tropical passionfruit (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6 38±4 200 11
Soy-based dairy product alternatives
384 Soy milks (containing maltodextrin)
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 0 mg calcium, Original (So Natural Foods, Taren Point, NSW, Australia) 6 44±5 250 8
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg calcium, Calciforte (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6 36±4 250 6
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg calcium, Light (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6 44±3 250 8
385 Soy milk drinks
Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6 30±3 250 7
Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6 34±3 250 8
mean of two drinks 32±2 250 7
Up & Go TM, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6 43±5 250 11
(Sanitarium, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
Up & Go TM, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6 46±5 250 11
(Sanitarium, Australia)
mean of two drinks 45±2 250 11
Xpress TM, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6 39±2 250 13
(So Natural Foods, Australia)
386 Soy yoghurt
Soy yoghurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6 50±3 200 13
387 Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with high-fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA) 115±14 50 10
FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
388 Apples, raw
Apple, NS (Denmark) 28 120 4
Apple, Braeburn (New Zealand) 6 32±4 120 4
Apple, NS (Canada) 34 120 5
Apple, Golden Delicious (Canada) 39±3 120 6
Apple, NS(USA) 40 120 6
Apple, NS (Italy) 44 120 6
mean of six studies 38±2 120 6
389 Apple juice
Apple juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, SA, Australia) 39±5 250 10
Apple juice, unsweetened (USA) 40 250 12
Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada) 41 250 12
mean of three studies 40±1 250 11
390 Apple, dried (Australia) 29±5 60 10
Apricots
391 Apricots, raw, NS (Italy) 57 120 5
392 Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada ) 64 120 12
393 Apricots, dried (Australia) 30±7 60 8
Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada) 32 60 10
mean of two studies 31±1 60 9
394 Apricot fruit bar, pureed dried apricot filling in wholemeal pastry 50±8 50 17
(Mother Earth, Auckland, New Zealand)
395 Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams, Para Hills, SA, Australia) 55±7 30 7
396 Apricot Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack 42±3 15 5
(Blackmores Ltd., Balgowlah, NSW, Australia)
397 Banana, raw
Banana (Canada) 46 120 12
Banana (Italy) 58 120 13
Banana (Canada) 58 120 15
Banana (Canada) 62±9 120 16
Banana (South Africa) 70±5 120 16
Banana, ripe (all yellow) (USA) 51 120 13
Banana, under-ripe (Denmark) 30 120 6
Banana, slightly under-ripe (yellow with green sections) (USA) 42 120 11
Banana, over-ripe (yellow flecked with brown) (USA) 48 120 12
Banana, over-ripe (Denmark) 52 120 11
mean of 10 studies 52±4 120 12
398 Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz Kidz TM (H J Heinz, Malvern, Vic, Australia) 61±11 30 12
399 Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), raw (Australia) 6 68 120 18
400 Cherries, raw, NS(Canada) 22 120 3
401 Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines) 6 40 120 12
402 Cranberry juice
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray, Melbourne, Vic, Australia) 52±3 250 16
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA) 68±3 250 24
Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK) 56±4 250 16
403 Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia) 54±2 120 10
404 Dates, dried (Australia) 103±21 60 42
405 Figs, dried, tenderised, Dessert Maid brand (Ernest Hall & Sons, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 61±6 60 16
406 Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian Canners Ltd., Hamilton, Canada) 55 120 9
407 Grapefruit, raw (Canada) 25 120 3
408 Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada) 48 250 9
409 Grapes, raw
Grapes, NS(Canada) 43 120 7
Grapes, NS (Italy) 49 120 9
mean of two studies 46±3 120 8
Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia) 59 120 11
410 Kiwi fruit, raw
Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand) 6 47±4 120 5
Kiwi fruit (Australia) 6 58±7 120 7
mean of two studies 53±6 120 6
411 Lychee, canned in syrup and drained, Narcissus brand (China) 79±8 120 16
412 Mango, raw
Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines) 6 41 120 8
Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia) 6 51±3 120 8
Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India) 11 60±16 120 9
mean of three studies 51±5 120 8
413 Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert, Frutia TM (Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Qld, Australia) 42±3 100 10
414 Marmalade, orange (Australia) 48±9 30 9
415 Oranges, raw
Oranges, NS (Denmark) 31 120 3
Oranges, NS (South Africa) 33±6 120 3
Oranges, NS (Canada) 40±3 120 4
Oranges, NS (Italy) 48 120 5
Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA) 48 120 5
Oranges NS(Canada) 51 120 6
mean of six studies 42±3 120 5
416 Orange juice
Orange Juice (Canada) 46±6 250 12
Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate, Quelch brand (Berri Ltd., Australia) 53±6 250 9
Orange juice, reconstituted from frozen concentrate (USA) 57±6 250 15
mean of three studies 52±3 250 12
417 Paw paw/papaya, raw
Paw paw (Carica papaya) (Australia) 6 56±6 120 5
Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India) 11 60±16 120 17
Papaya (Carica papaya) (Philippines) 6 60 120 9
mean of three studies 59±1 120 10
Peaches
418 Peach, raw (Canada) 28 120 4
Peach, raw (Italy) 56 120 5
mean of two studies 42±14 120 5
419 Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Vic, Australia) 30±4 120 3
Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd., Shepparton, Vic, Australia) 45±6 120 5
mean of two studies 38±8 120 4
420 Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods, Hawthorn East, Vic, Australia) 58±11 120 9
421 Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd.) 52 120 9
422 Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite (SPC Ltd., Australia) 62±9 120 11
Pears
423 Pear, raw, NS(Canada) 33 120 4
424 Pear, Winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand) 6 34±4 120 4
425 Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada) 41 120 3
426 Pear, raw, NS (Italy) 42 120 4
mean of four studies 38±2 120 4
427 Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite (SPC Ltd., Australia) 25±6 120 4
428 Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd., Australia) 43±15 120 5
429 Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd.) 44 120 5
Pineapple
430 Pineapple, raw (Australia) 6 66±7 120 6
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw (Philippines) 6 51 120 8
mean of two studies 59±8 120 7
431 Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada) 46 250 15
Plums
432 Plum, raw, NS (Canada) 24 120 3
Plum, raw, NS (Italy) 53 120 6
mean of two studies 39±15 120 5
433 Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc., Yuba City, CA, USA) 29±4 60 10
434 Raisins (Canada) 64±11 60 28
435 Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia) 6 65±9 120 4
436 Strawberries, fresh, raw (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6 40±7 120 1
437 Strawberry jam 51±10 30 10
438 Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 90±12 30 23
439 Sultanas 56±11 60 25
440 Tomato juice, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6 38±4 250 4
441 Tropical Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack 41±3 15 5
(Blackmores Ltd., Australia)
442 Vitari, wild berry, non-dairy, frozen fruit dessert (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 59±8 100 12
443 Watermelon, raw (Australia) 6 72±13 120 4
444 Wild Berry Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack 35±4 15 4
(Blackmores Ltd., Australia)
INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS
445 Formula
Infasoy TM, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals, Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia) 6 55±6 100 mL 4
Karicare TM gold starter formula with omega plus LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, New Zealand) 6 35±5 100 mL 2
Nan-1 TM infant formula with iron (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6 30±6 100 mL 2
S-26 TM infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia) 6 36±6 100 mL 3
Weaning Foods
446 Farex TM baby rice (Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Malvern, Vic, Australia) 6 95±13 87 6
447 Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months (Nutricia, Wells, UK)
Apple, apricot and banana cereal 6 56±8 75 7
Creamed porridge 6 59±8 75 5
Rice pudding 6 59±6 75 6
448 Heinz for Baby from 4 months (Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Australia)
Chicken and noodles with vegetables, strained 6 67±11 120 5
Sweetcorn and rice 6 65±13 120 10
LEGUMES AND NUTS
449 Baked Beans
Baked Beans, canned (Canada) 40±3
Baked Beans, canned haricot/navy beans in tomato sauce 56
(Libby, McNeill & Libby, Chatham, Canada)
mean of two studies 48±8 150 7
450 Beans, dried, boiled
Beans, dried, type NS(Italy) 36 150 11
Beans, dried, type NS(Italy) 20 150 6
mean of two studies 29±9 150 9
451 Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled
Blackeyed beans (Canada) 50 150 15
Blackeyed beans (Canada) 33±4 150 10
mean of two studies 42±9 150 13
452 Butter Beans
Butter beans (South Africa) 28±7 150 5
Butter beans, dried, cooked 1.25 h (South Africa) 29±8 150 6
Butter beans (Canada) 36±4 150 7
mean of three studies 31±3 150 6
Butter beans, dried, boiled + 5g sucrose (South Africa) 30±2 150 6
Butter beans, dried, boiled + 10g sucrose (South Africa) 31±2 150 6
Butter beans, dried, boiled + 15g sucrose (South Africa) 54±4 150 11
453 Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), dried, soaked, boiled 35 min (Philippines) 10 150 3
Chickpeas, dried, boiled (Canada) 31 150 9
Chickpeas (Canada) 33 150 10
Chickpeas (Canada) 36±5 150 11
mean of four studies 28±6 150 8
454 Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 42 150 9
455 Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd., Scarborough, Canada) 41 150 7
456 Haricot/Navy beans
Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at 15 psi for 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada) 29 150 9
Haricot/Navy beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 30 150 9
Haricot/Navy beans, boiled (Canada) 31±6 150 9
Haricot/Navy beans (King Grains, Canada) 39 150 12
Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at15 psi for 25 min (King Grains, Canada) 59 150 19
mean of five studies 38±6 150 12
457 Kidney Beans
Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked, boiled 17 min (Philippines) 13 150 3
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India) 19 150 5
Kidney beans (USA) 5 23 150 6
Kidney beans, dried, boiled (France) 23±1 150 6
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red, soaked 20 min, boiled 70 min (Sweden) 25 150 6
Kidney beans (Canada) 29±8 150 7
Kidney beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 42 150 10
Kidney beans (Canada) 46 150 11
mean of eight studies 28±4 150 7
458 Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) - autoclaved 34 150 8
459 Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 52 150 9
460 Kidney beans, dried, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h (India) 11 70±11 150 17
461 Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines) 20 150 5
462 Lentils, type NS
Lentils, type NS (USA) 28
Lentils, type NS (Canada) 29±3
mean of two studies 29±1 150 5
463 Lentils, green
Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Canada) 22 150 4
Lentils, green, dried, boiled (France) 30±15 150 6
Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Australia) 37±3 150 5
mean of three studies 30±4 150 5
464 Lentils, green, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 52 150 9
465 Lentils, red
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 18 150 3
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 21 150 4
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 31 150 6
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) 32 150 6
mean of four studies 26±4 150 5
466 Lima beans, baby, frozen, reheated in microwave oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada) 32 150 10
467 Marrowfat peas
Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (USA) 31
Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (Canada) 47±3
mean of two studies 39±8 150 7
468 Mung beans
Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb), soaked, boiled 20 min (Philippines) 31 150 5
Mung bean, fried (Australia) 53±8
Mung bean, germinated (Australia) 25±4 150 4
Mung bean, pressure cooked (Australia) 42±5 150 7
469 Peas, dried, boiled (Australia) 22 150 2
470 Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn. Huth.), soaked, boiled 45 min (Philippines) 22 150 4
471 Pinto beans
Pinto beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 39 150 10
Pinto beans, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 45 150 10
472 Romano beans (Canada) 46 150 8
473 Soya beans
Soya beans, dried, boiled (Canada) 15±5 150 1
Soya beans, dried, boiled (Australia) 20±3 150 1
mean of two studies 18±3 150 1
Soya beans, canned (Canada) 14±2 150 1
474 Split peas, yellow, boiled 20 min (Nupack, Mississauga, Canada) 32 150 6
MEAL REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS
475 Hazelnut & Apricot bar (Dietworks, South Yarra, Vic, Australia) 42±7 50 9
476 L.E.A.N TM products (Usana Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, US)
L.E.A.N Fibergy TM bar, Harvest Oat 45±4 50 13
Nutrimeal TM, drink powder, Dutch Chocolate 26±3 250 3
L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar TM, Peanut Crunch 30±4 40 6
L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar TM, Chocolate Crunch 32±4 40 6
mean of two Nutri bars 31±1 40 6
Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate products (2000 formulations)
(Worldwide Sport Nutritional Supplements Inc., Largo, FL, US)
477 Designer chocolate, sugar-free 6 14±3 35 3
478 Burn-it TM bars
Chocolate deluxe 6 29±3 50 2
Peanut butter 6 23±3 50 1
479 Pure-protein TM bars
Chewy choc-chip 6 30±4 80 4
Chocolate deluxe 6 38±4 80 5
Peanut butter 6 22±4 80 2
Strawberry shortcake 6 43±4 80 6
White chocolate mousse 6 40±4 80 6
480 Pure-protein TM cookies
Choc-chip cookie dough 6 25±3 55 3
Coconut 6 42±5 55 4
Peanut butter 6 37±7 55 3
481 Ultra pure-protein TM shakes
Cappuccino 47±6 250 1
Frosty chocolate 37±6 250 1
Strawberry shortcake 42±4 250 1
Vanilla ice cream 32±5 250 1
MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
482 Chicken nuggets, frozen, reheated in microwave oven 5 min (Savings, Grocery Holdings, 46±4 100 7
Tooronga, Vic, Australia)
483 Fish Fingers (Canada) 38±6 100 7
484 Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, home made (Australia) 40±5 360 15
485 Kugel (Polish dish containing egg noodles, sugar, cheese and raisins) (Israel) 65±6 150 31
486 Lean Cuisine TM, French style chicken with rice, reheated (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6 36±6 400 24
487 Pies, beef, party size (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia) 45±6 100 12
488 Pizza
Pizza, cheese (Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 60 100 16
Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan cheese and tomato sauce (Italy) 80 100 22
Pizza, Super Supreme, pan (11.4% fat) (Pizza Hut, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 36±6 100 9
Pizza, Super Supreme, thin and crispy (13.2 % fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia) 30±4 100 7
Pizza, Vegetarian Supreme, thin and crispy (7.8 % fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia) 6 49±6 100 12
489 Sausages, NS(Canada) 28±6 100 1
490 Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed potato, home made (Australia) 66±12 360 35
491 Spaghetti bolognaise, home made (Australia) 52±9 360 25
492 Stirfried vegetables with chicken and boiled white rice, home made (Australia) 73±17 360 55
493 Sushi
Sushi, salmon (from 'I Love Sushi' chain store, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6 48±8 100 17
Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan) 55 100 20
Mean of two studies 52±4 100 19
494 White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, cheese, and butter (France) 27 440 14
White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, cheese and butter (France) 22 440 11
Mean in two groups of subjects 25±2 440 13
White bread with toppings
495 White wheat flour bread, butter, cheese, regular cow's milk and fresh cucumber (Sweden) 6 55 200 38
496 White wheat flour bread, butter, yoghurt and pickled cucumber (Sweden) 6 39 200 11
497 White bread with butter (Canada) 59 100 29
498 White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada) 55 100 26
499 White bread with butter and skim milk cheese (Canada) 62 100 23
500 White/wholemeal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada) 51 100 23
White/wholemeal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada) 67 100 30
mean of two studies 59±8 100 26
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
501 Choicedm TM, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Evansville, IN, US) 23±4 237mL 6
502 Enercal Plus TM, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst International Inc., Madison, NJ, US) 61±13 237mL 24
503 Ensure TM (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell, NSW, Australia) 50±8 237mL 19
504 Ensure TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia) 48±3 250mL 16
505 Ensure TM bar, chocolate fudge brownie (Abbott Australasia) 43±3 38 8
506 Ensure Plus TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia) 40±4 237mL 19
507 Ensure Pudding TM, old fashioned vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Ashland, OH, USA) 36±4 113 9
508 Glucerna TM, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA) 6 31±2 237mL 7
509 Jevity TM (Abbott Australasia) 48±3 237mL 17
510 Resource Diabetic TM, French vanilla (Novartis Nutrition Corp., Young America, MN, USA) 6 34±3 237mL 8
511 Resource Diabetic TM, Swiss chocolate (Novartis, Auckland, New Zealand) 16±4 237mL 7
512 Resource TM thickened orange juice, honey consistency (Novartis, New Zealand) 47±9 237mL 18
513 Resource TM thickened orange juice, nectar consistency (Novartis, New Zealand) 54±7 237mL 19
514 Resource TM fruit beverage, peach flavour (Novartis, New Zealand) 40±8 237mL 16
515 Sustagen TM, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia) 31±4 250mL 13
516 Sustagen TM Hospital with extra fiber, drink made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia) 33±4 250mL 15
517 Sustagen TM Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia) 27±3 250 13
518 Ultracal TM with fiber (Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN, USA) 40 237 mL 12
PASTA and NOODLES
519 Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 45 180 20
520 Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia) 78±10 180 32
521 Fettucine, egg
Fettucine, egg 32±4 180 15
Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods, Rowville, Vic, Australia) 47±6 180 22
mean of two studies 40±8 180 18
522 Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, boiled 8 min (UK) 54 180 22
523 Gnocchi, NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd., Mt. Waverley, Vic, Australia) 68±9 180 33
524 Instant noodles
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi ® (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 46±5
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi ® (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand) 48±8
Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada) 47
mean of three studies 47±1 180 19
525 Linguine
Thick, durum wheat, white, fresh (Sweden) 43 180 21
Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, boiled 8 min (Sweden) 48 180 23
mean of two studies 46±3 180 22
Thin, durum wheat (Sweden) 49 180 23
Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, boiled 3 min (Sweden) 61 180 29
Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% w/w egg, (Sweden) 45 180 18
Thin, fresh, with 0.6% w/w monoglycerides and 30% w/w egg, boiled 3 min (Sweden) 53 180 22
mean of four studies 52±3 180 23
526 Mung bean noodles
Lungkow beanthread noodles (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China) 26 180 12
Mung bean noodles (Longkou beanthread), dried, boiled (Yantai cereals, China) 39±9 180 18
mean of two studies 33±7
527 Macaroni
Macaroni, plain, boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 45 180 22
Macaroni, plain, boiled (Turkey) 48 180 23
mean of two studies 47±2 180 23
Macaroni and Cheese, boxed (Kraft General Foods Canada Inc., Don Mills, Ontario) 64 180 32
528 Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat filled, boiled (Australia) 39±1 180 15
529 Rice noodles/pasta
Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand) 61±6 180 23
Rice noodles, freshly made, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 40±4 180 15
Rice pasta, brown, boiled 16 min (Rice Grower's Co-op., Leeton, NSW, Australia) 92±8 180 35
Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris'O'Mais (Orgran Foods, Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia) 76±6 180 37
Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, China) 58 180 22
Spaghetti
530 Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea, canned in tomato sauce (Orgran Foods, Australia) 68±9 220 19
531 Spaghetti, protein enriched, boiled 7 min (Catelli Plus, Catelli Ltd., Montreal, Canada) 27 180 14
532 Spaghetti, white, boiled 5 min
Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 32 180 15
Boiled 5 min (Canada) 34 180 16
Boiled 5 min (Canada) 40 180 19
Boiled 5 min (Middle East) 44 180 21
mean of four studies 38±3 180 18
533 Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
White, durum wheat, boiled 10 min in salty water (Barilla, Parma, Italy) 12 58 180 28
White, durum wheat flour, boiled 12 min (Starhushålls, Kungsörnen AB, Järna, Sweden) 47 180 23
White, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, boiled 12 min (Sweden) 53 180 25
Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 32 180 15
Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 36 180 17
Boiled 15 min (Canada) 41 180 20
White, boiled 15 min in salted water (Unico, Concord, Canada) 44±3 180 21
mean of seven studies 44±3 180 21
534 Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 20 min
White, durum wheat, boiled 20 min (Australia) 58±7 180 26
Durum wheat, boiled 20 min (USA) 64±15 180 27
mean of two studies 61±3 180 27
535 Spaghetti, white, boiled
White (Denmark) 33 180 16
White, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada) 34 180 16
White (Australia) 38 180 17
White (Canada) 42 180 20
White (Canada) 48 180 23
White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia) 49±7 180 22
White (Canada) 50±8 180 24
mean of seven studies 42±3 180 20
536 Spaghetti, white, durum wheat semolina (Panzani, Marseilles, France)
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min 59±15 180 28
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min 65±15 180 31
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min 46±10 180 22
mean of three cooking times 57±6 180 27
537 Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled
Wholemeal (USA) 32 180 14
Wholemeal (Canada) 42±4 180 17
mean of two studies 37±5 180 16
538 Spirali, durum wheat, white, boiled to al denté texture (Vetta, Australia) 43±10 180 19
539 Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free (Orgran Foods, Australia) 29±6 180 9
540 Star Pastina, white, boiled 5 minutes (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada) 38 180 18
541 Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer, Nestlé, Don Mills, Canada) 50 180 10
542 Udon noodles, plain, reheated 5 min (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia) 6 62±8 180 30
543 Vermicelli, white, boiled (Australia) 35±7 180 16
SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
544 Burger Rings TM, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack Food Co., Chatswood, NSW, Australia) 90±16 50 28
545 Chocolate, milk, plain
Chocolate, milk, plain with sucrose (Belgium) 6 34±5 50 7
Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery, Ringwood, Vic, Australia) 49±6 50 14
Chocolate, milk, Dove ® (Mars Confectionery, Ballarat, Vic, Australia) 45±8 50 13
Chocolate, milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 42±8 50 13
mean of four studies 43±3 50 12
Chocolate, milk, plain, low-sugar with maltitol (Belgium) 6 35±16 50 8
546 Chocolate, white, Milky Bar ® (Nestlé, Australia) 44±6 50 13
547 Corn chips
Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos TM original, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia, 1998) 42±4 50 11
Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos TM original, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia, 1985) 72 50 18
Nachips TM (Old El Paso Foods Co., Canada) 74 50 21
mean of three studies 63±10 50 17
548 Fruit Bars
Apricot filled fruit bar (pureed dried apricot filling in wholemeal pastry) 50±8 50 17
(Mother Earth, Auckland, New Zealand)
Heinz Kidz TM Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Malvern, Vic, Australia) 61±11 30 12
Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Vic, Australia) 90±12 30 23
Roll-Ups ® , processed fruit snack (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 99±12 30 24
549 Fruity Bitz TM , vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snacks
Fruity Bitz TM, apricot (Blackmores Ltd., Balgowlah, NSW, Australia) 42±3 15 5
Fruity Bitz TM, berry (Blackmores Ltd., Australia) 35±4 15 4
Fruity Bitz TM, tropical (Blackmores Ltd., Australia) 41±3 15 5
mean of three flavours 39±2 15 4
550 Jelly beans
Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's, Nestle, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 80±8
Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Vic, Australia) 76±6
mean of two studies 78±2 30 22
551 Kudos Whole Grain Bars, chocolate chip (M & M/Mars, Hackettstown, NJ, USA) 62±8 50 20
552 Life Savers ® , peppermint candy (Nestlé, Australia) 70±6 30 21
553 M & M's ® , peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 33±3 30 6
554 Mars Bar ®
Mars Bar ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 62±8 60 25
Mars Bar ® (M&M/Mars, USA) 68±12 60 27
mean of two studies 65±3 60 26
555 Muesli bar containing dried fruit (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 61±7 30 13
556 Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain) 32 30 4
557 Nutella ® , chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero Australia, Milson's Point, NSW, Australia) 33±4 20 4
Nuts
558 Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia) 6 22±5 50 3
559 Peanuts
Peanuts, crushed (South Africa) 6 7±4 50 0
Peanuts (Canada) 6 13±6 50 1
Peanuts (Mexico) 6 23 50 2
mean of three studies 14±8 50 1
560 Popcorn
Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven (Green's Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia) 55±7 20 6
Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 89 20 10
mean of two studies 72±17 20 8
561 Pop Tarts TM, double choc (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia) 70±2 50 24
562 Potato crisps
Potato crisps, plain, salted (Arnott's, Homebush, NSW, Australia) 57 50 10
Potato crisps, plain, salted (Canada) 51±7 50 12
mean of two studies 54±3 50 11
563 Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavour (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) 83±9 30 16
564 Skittles ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 70±5 50 32
565 Snack bars
Snack bar, Apple Cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA) 40±8 50 12
Snack bar, Peanut Butter & Choc-Chip (Con Agra Inc., USA) 37±6 50 10
566 Snickers Bar ®
Snickers Bar ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia) 41±5 60 15
Snickers Bar ® (M&M/Mars, USA) 68 60 23
mean of two studies 55±14 60 19
567 Twisties TM, cheese-flavoured, extruded snack, rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co., Australia) 74±5 50 22
568 Twix ® Cookie Bar, caramel (M&M/Mars, USA) 44±6 60 17
SPORTS BARS
569 Power Bar ®
Power Bar ® , chocolate (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA) 58±5
Power Bar ® , chocolate (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA) 53
mean of two studies 56±3 65 24
570 Ironman PR bar ® , chocolate (PR Nutrition, San Diego, CA, USA) 39 65 10
SOUPS
571 Black Bean (Wil-Pack Foods, San Pedro, CA, USA) 64 250 17
572 Green Pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 66 250 27
573 Lentil, canned (Unico, Concord, Canada) 44 250 9
574 Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle TM (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, NSW, Australia) 6 39±3 250 7
575 Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup with stock and noodles) 1 250 0
576 Split Pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA) 60 250 16
577 Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, peppers) 20
578 Tomato soup (Canada) 38±9 250 6
SUGARS AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS
579 Blue Agave cactus nectar, high-fructose
Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 90% fructose (Western Commerce Corp., City of Industry, 11±1 10 1
CA, USA) 6
Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 97% fructose (Western Commerce Corp., USA) 6 10±1 10 1
580 Fructose
25g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., Toronto, Canada) 6 11
50g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., Toronto, Canada) 12
50g portion 20±5
50g portion 21
50g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA) 24
25g portion, fed with oats 28 25
mean of six studies 19±2 10 2
581 Glucose
50 g portion (dextrose) 85
25g portion, fed with oats 28 92
50 g portion 93
50 g portion (dextrose) 96
50 g portion 96
50 g portion (Bio-Health, Dawson Traders Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 96
50 g portion 100
50 g portion (Glucodin TM glucose tablets, Boots, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) 102±9
25 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada) 6 103
50 g portion (dextrose) 111
100 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada) 12 114
mean of 11 studies 99±3 10 10
Glucose consumed with American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)
582 25 g glucose (Glucodex solution, Rougier Inc., Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng 5 78 10 8
583 25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min after 3 g dried ginseng 5 80
25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before 3 g dried ginseng 5 76
mean in two groups of subjects 78±2 10 8
584 Glucose consumed with gum/fiber
46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract (FITA, Chatswood, NSW, Australia) 79±3 10 6
(total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g)
50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum 62 10 6
50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat ß-glucan) 57 10 6
100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum 5 85 10 9
585 Glucose consumed with a mixed meal
30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 30 g cheese, 10 g butter 55
(total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France)
30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 30 g cheese, 10 g butter 57
(total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France)
mean in two groups of subjects 56±1 250 20
586 Honey
Locust honey (Romania) 6 32 25 7
Yellow box (46% fructose) (Australia) 6 35±4 25 6
Stringy Bark (52% fructose) (Australia) 6 44±4 25 9
Red Gum (35% fructose) (Australia) 6 46±3 25 8
Iron Bark (34% fructose) (Australia) 6 48±3 25 7
Yapunya (42 % fructose) (Australia) 6 52±5 25 9
Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd., Richlands, Qld, Australia) 58±6 25 12
Commercial Blend (38% fructose) (WA blend, Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia) 6 62±3 25 11
Salvation Jane (32% fructose) (Australia) 6 64±5 25 10
Commercial Blend (28% fructose) (NSW blend, Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia) 6 72±6 25 9
Honey, NS(Canada) 6 87±8 25 18
mean of 11 types of honey 55±5 25 10
587 Lactose
50 g lactose (Sigma Chemical Company, USA) 43
25 g lactose (BDH, Poole, UK) 6 48
25 g lactose 28 48
mean of three studies 46±2 10 5
588 50 g maltose 105±12 10 11
589 Sucrose
50 g sucrose (Sigma Chemical Company, USA) 58
50 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada) 58
50 g sucrose 59±10
50 g sucrose 60
25 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada) 6 60
25 g sucrose 28 64
50 g sucrose 65±9
100 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada) 12 65
30 g sucrose 29 82
25 g sucrose 6 110±21
mean of 10 studies 68±5 10 7
Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds
590 Lactitol
25 g lactitol 30 -1±7
25 g lactitol MC (Danisco sweeteners, Redhill, Surrey, UK) 30 3±1
mean of two studies 2±3 10 0
591 Litesse
25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30 7±2 10 1
25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30 4±2 10 0
592 Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents
25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30 30±12 10 3
25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30 44±11 10 4
25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30 73±29 10 7
25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30 89±28