GI Listing

noreply@blogger.com (Lasik) — Thu, 27 Apr 2006 01:34:00 +0000

REVISED INTERNATIONAL TABLE OF GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI) AND GLYCEMIC LOAD (GL)—2002 1
Food Number and Item		GI 2	Serve	GL 3
		glucose	size	per
		=100	grams	serve
	BAKERY PRODUCTS
	Cakes
1	Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	67	50	19
2	Banana cake, made with sugar	47±8	80	18
3	Banana cake, made without sugar	55±10	80	16
4	Chocolate cake made from packet mix with chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker, General Mills	38±3	111	20
	Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA)
5	Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles, Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Vic, Australia)	73±12	38	19
6	Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and coconut) (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)	87±17	50	25
7	Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada)	54	53	15
8	Sponge cake, plain	46±6	63	17
9	Vanilla cake made from packet mix with vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA)	42±4	111	24
10	Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada)	67	57	17
11	Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Etobicoke, Canada)	69	50	13
12	Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada)	76	47	17
13	Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	65	70	31
14	Muffins
	Apple, made with sugar 4	44±6	60	13
	Apple, made without sugar 4	48±10	60	9
	Apple, oat, sultana, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Acacia Ridge, Qld, Australia)	54±4	50	14
	Apricot, coconut and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	60±4	50	16
	Banana, oat and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	65±11	50	17
	Bran (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins, Aurora, Canada)	60	57	15
	Blueberry (Culinar Inc., Canada)	59	57	17
	Carrot (Culinar Inc., Canada)	62	57	20
	Chocolate butterscotch, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	53±5	50	15
	Corn muffin, low-amylose 5	102	57	30
	Corn muffin, high-amylose 5	49
	Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada)	69	50	24
15	Pancakes, prepared from shake mix (Green's General Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	67±5	80	39
16	Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet mix (Orgran Natural Foods,	102±11	77	22
	Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)
17	Pastry	59±6	57	15
18	Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	85±14	40	18
19	Scones, plain, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	92±8	25	8
20	Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada)	76	35	10

	BEVERAGES
21	Coca Cola ®
	Coca Cola ® , soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	53±7	250	14
	Coca Cola ® , soft drink/soda (Coca Cola Bottling Company, Atlanta, GA, USA)	63	250	16
	mean of two types	58±5
22	Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	66±8	250	13
23	Fanta ® , orange soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Australia)	68±6	250	23
24	Lucozade ® , original (sparkling glucose drink) (Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK)	95±10	250	40
25	Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA)	33±9	250	14
26	Smoothie drink, soy, banana (So Natural Foods, Tarren Point, NSW, Australia) 6	30±3	250	7
27	Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	34±3	250	8
28	Solo TM, lemon squash, soft drink (Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	58±5	250	17
29	Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	43±5	250	11
	(Sanitarium Health Foods, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
30	Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	46±5	250	11
	(Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)
31	Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6	39±2	250	13
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)
	Juices
32	Apple juice
	Apple juice, pure, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	39±5
	Apple juice, unsweetened	40
	Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)	41
	mean of three studies	40±1	250	12
33	Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Wandin, Vic, Australia)	44±2	250	13
34	Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia)	37±3	250	10
35	Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia)	43±3	250	14
36	Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia) 6	43±3	250	10
37	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® , Melbourne, Vic, Australia)	52±3	250	16
38	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)	68±3	250	24
39	Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)	56±4	250	16
40	Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)	48	250	11
41	Orange juice
	Orange Juice (Canada)	46±6
	Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Quelch ® , Berri Ltd., Carlton, Vic, Australia)	53±6
	mean of two studies	50±4	250	13
42	Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada)	46	250	16
43	Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6	38±4	250	4
44	Yakult ® , fermented milk drink with Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	46±6	65	6
	Sports drinks
45	Gatorade ® (Spring Valley Beverages Pty Ltd., Cheltenham, Vic, Australia)	78±13	250	12
46	Isostar ® (Novartis Consumer Health, Nyon, Switzerland)	70±15	250	13
47	Sports Plus ® (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	74±6	250	13
48	Sustagen Sport ® (Mead Johnson, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)	43±9	250	21
	Drinks made from drinking mix powders
49	Build-Up TM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla with fiber, (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	41±4	250	14
50	Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with hot water (Nestlé, Australia)	51±3	250	11
51	Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy protein and whey powder	36±3	250	7
	(Harrod foods, Sefton, NSW, Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) cow's milk
52	Malted milk powder in full-fat cow's milk (Nestlé, Australia)	45±3	250	12
53	Milo TM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
	Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water	55±3	250	9
	Milo TM (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand) dissolved in water	52±5	250	9
	mean of two studies	54±2
	Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk	35±2	250	9
	Milo TM (Nestlé, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk	36±3	250	9
	mean of two studies	36±1
54	Nutrimeal TM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate (Usana, Salt Lake City, UT, USA)	26±3	250	4
55	Quik TM (sweet drink powder)
	Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia), dissolved in water	53±5	250	4
	Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk	41±4	250	5
	Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in water	64±8	250	5
	Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk	35±3	250	4

	BREADS
56	Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada)	72	70	25
57	Baguette, white, plain (France)	95±15	30	15
58	French baguette with chocolate spread (France)	72±8	70	27
59	French baguette with butter and strawberry jam (France)	62±7	70	26
60	Pain au lait (Pasquier, France)	63±10	60	20
61	Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	74	30	16
	Barley Breads
62	Coarse barley kernel bread, 75-80% kernels
	75% kernels	27	30	5
	80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	34	30	7
	80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	40	30	8
	mean of three studies	34±4
63	Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels
	50% kernels (Canada)	43	30	9
	50% kibbled barley (Australia)	48	30	10
	mean of two studies	46±2	30	9
64	Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	57±6	30	6
65	Barley flour breads
	100% barley flour (Canada); (rye bread composition)	67	30	9
	Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread (20% white wheat flour) (Sweden)	67	30	13
	Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft	50	30	7
	(50% regular barley flour, 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
	Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft	43	30	5
	(20% regular barley flour, 80% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
66	Wholemeal barley flour (80%) and white wheat flour (20%) breads -
	fermented or with added organic acids or salts (Sweden)
	Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference for the 5 breads below) 5	70	30	14
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with sourdough (lactic acid) 5	53	30	10
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid 5	66	30	12
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate 5	59	30	12
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate 5	65	30	13
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose sodium propionate 5	57	30	11
	Buckwheat bread
67	Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden)	47	30	10
	Fruit Breads
68	Bürgen TM Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	44±5	30	6
69	Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced (Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, NSW, Australia)	54±6	30	8
70	Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread with dried fruit (Australia)	47±6	30	7
71	Happiness TM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread) (Natural Ovens, Manitowoc, WI, USA)	63±5	30	9
72	Muesli bread, made from packet mix in bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA)	54±6	30	7
73	Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	61	30	9
74	Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada)	73	30	12
75	Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	70	30	16
	Gluten-free bread
76	Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	79±13	30	10
77	Gluten-free white bread, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)	71	30	11
	Gluten-free white bread, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)	80	30	12
	mean of two studies	76±5	30	11
78	Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)	69	30	9
	Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)	76	30	10
	mean of two studies	73±4	30	9
	Oat Bread
79	Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	65	30	12
	Oat bran bread
80	50% oat bran (Australia)	44	30	8
81	45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden)	50	30	9
	mean of two studies	47±3	30	9
	Rice bread
82	Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, NSW, Australia)	72±9	30	8
83	Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia)	61±9	30	7
	Rye Bread
84	Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
	Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	41	30	5
	Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada)	41	30	5
	Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	46	30	5
	Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada)	55	30	7
	Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Toronto, Canada)	55	30	7
	Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada)	62	30	8
	mean of six studies	50±4	30	6
85	Wholemeal rye bread
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	41
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	62
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	63
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	66
	mean of four studies	58±6	30	8
	Specialty rye breads
86	Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	76±14	30	10
87	Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	55±12
	Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	74±6
	mean of two studies	65±10	30	7
88	Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)	67	30	9
89	Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	68	30	10
90	Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	55	30	7
91	Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	59±5	30	8
92	Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	86±15	30	12
93	Sourdough rye (Canada)	57
	Sourdough rye (Australia)	48
	mean of two studies	53±5	30	6
94	Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)	56	30	7
	Wheat Breads
95	Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	52	30	10
96	Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
	50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada)	58	30	12
	75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada)	48	30	10
	mean of two studies	53±3	30	11
	Spelt wheat breads
97	White spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia)	74	30	17
98	Wholemeal spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia)	63	30	12
99	Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread 9 (Slovenia)	67	30	15
100	Spelt multigrain bread ® (Pav's bakery, Australia)	54±10	30	7
101	White wheat flour bread
	White flour (Canada)	69±5	30	10
	White flour (USA)	70	30	10
	White flour, Sunblest TM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	70	30	10
	White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	71	30	10
	White flour (South Africa)	71±7	30	9
	White flour (Canada)	71	30	10
	mean of six studies	70±0	30	10
102	White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italian)	73	30	11
103	Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, Kansas City, MO, USA)	71±9
	Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA)	72±4
	Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA)	77±3
	mean of three studies	73±2	30	10
104	White Turkish bread (Turkey)	87	30	15
	White bread with enzyme inhibitors
105	White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico)	18	30	3
	White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico)	50	30	8
	mean in two groups of subjects	34±16	30	6
106	White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland) 5	48	30	6
107	White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland) 5	29	30	4
	White bread with soluble fiber
108	White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico)	41	30	7
	White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico)	65	30	11
	mean in two groups of subjects	53±12	30	9
109	White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette (Sweden)	45	30	7
110	White bread eaten with powdered dried seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain)	48	30	7
111	White bread containing Eurylon ® high-amylose maize starch (France) 12	42	30	8
	White fiber-enriched bread
112	White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	67
113	White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	69
	mean of two studies	68±1	30	9
	White resistant starch-enriched bread
114	Fibre White TM (Nature's Fresh, Auckland, New Zealand)	77±10	30	11
115	Wonderwhite TM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia)	80±8	30	11
116	Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	52	30	6
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	64	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	65	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	69	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	71	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	72±6	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (USA) 5	73	30	10
	Wholemeal flour (South Africa)	75±9	30	9
	Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	77±9	30	9
	Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	78±16	30	9
	Wholemeal flour (Kenya)	87	30	11
	mean of thirteen studies	71± 2	30	9
117	Wholemeal Turkish bread	49	30	8
	Specialty wheat breads
118	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain bread (Australia)
	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	34±4
	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain	45±12
	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain	69±6
	mean of three studies	49±10	30	6
119	Bürgen ® Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	31±3	30	3
120	Bürgen ® Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%) loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	36±4	30	3
121	English Muffin TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	77±7	30	11
122	Healthy Choice TM Hearty 7 Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA)	55±6	30	8
123	Healthy Choice TM Hearty 100% Whole Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA)	62±6	30	9
124	Helga's TM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	68±9	30	9
125	Helga's TM traditional wholemeal bread (Quality Bakers, Australia)	70±14	30	9
126	Hunger Filler TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	59±8	30	7
127	Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland, New Zealand)	75±10
	Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, New Zealand)	84±8
	mean of two studies	80±5	30	11
128	9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	43±5	30	6
129	Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia)	54±10	30	8
130	Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia)	43	30	6
131	Nutty Natural TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	59±7	30	7
132	Performax TM (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	38±3	30	5
133	Ploughman's TM Wholegrain, original recipe (Quality Bakers, Australia)	47	30	7
134	Ploughman's TM Wholemeal, smooth milled (Quality Bakers, Australia)	64±10	30	9
135	Semolina Bread (Kenya)	64
136	Sourdough wheat (Australia)	54	30	8
137	Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA)	50±6	30	5
138	Stay Trim TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	70±10	30	10
139	Sunflower & Barley bread, Riga brand (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Australia)	57±6	30	7
140	Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co., Sydney, NSW, Australia)	55±5	30	7
141	Vogel's Roggenbrot (Stevns & Co., Australia)	59±5	30	8
142	Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK)	74	30	16
143	100% Whole Grain TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	51±11	30	7
144	White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden)	79	30	13
	Unleavened Breads
145	Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	75±9	30	12
146	Middle Eastern flatbread	97±29	30	15
147	Pita bread, white (Canada)	57	30	10
148	Wheat flour flatbread (India)	66±9	30	10
149	Amaranth : wheat (25:75) composite flour flatbread (India)	66±10	30	10
150	Amaranth : wheat (50:50) composite flour flatbread (India)	76±20	30	11

	BREAKFAST CEREALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
151	All-Bran TM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia) 13	30	30	4
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)	38	30	9
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	50	30	9
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	51±5	30	9
	mean of four studies	42±5
152	All-Bran Fruit 'n Oats TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	39	30	7
153	All-Bran Soy 'n Fibre TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	33±3	30	4
154	Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,	97±19	30	18
	eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
	Barley porridge
155	Wholemeal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley)	68	50 (dry)	23
	(flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
156	Wholemeal high-fibre barley flour porridge	55	50 (dry)	8
	(50% regular barley flour: 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
157	Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)	62	50 (dry)	17
158	Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)	65	50 (dry)	18
159	Bran Buds TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	58	30	7
160	Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	47	30	6
161	Bran Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15	58	30	11
162	Bran Flakes TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	74	30	13
163	Cheerios TM (General Mills Inc., Etobicoke, Canada) 15	74	30	15
164	Chocapic TM (Nestlé, France)	84±9	30	21
165	Coco Pops TM (cocoa flavoured puffed rice)
	Coco Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±8
	Coco Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±3
	mean of two studies	77	30	20
166	Corn Bran TM (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada) 15	75	30	15
167	Corn Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	83	30	21
168	Cornflakes TM
	Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, Auckland, New Zealand)	72±16	30	18
	Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77	30	20
	Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	80±6	30	21
	Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	86	30	22
	Cornflakes TM (Kellogg's, USA) 5	92	30	24
	mean of five studies	81±3	30	21
169	Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice, Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15	74	30	17
170	Cornflakes, Crunchy Nut TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±4	30	17
171	Corn Pops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	80±4	30	21
172	Cream of Wheat TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	66	250	17
173	Cream of Wheat TM, Instant (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	74	250	22
174	Crispix TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	87	30	22
175	Energy Mix TM (Quaker, France)	80±7	30	19
176	Froot Loops TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	69±9	30	18
177	Frosties TM, sugar-coated cornflakes (Kellogg's, Australia)	55	30	15
178	Fruitful Lite TM (Hubbards, Auckland, New Zealand)	61±20	30	12
179	Fruity-Bix TM, berry (Sanitarium, Auckland, New Zealand)	113±10	30	25
180	Golden Grahams TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15	71	30	18
181	Golden Wheats TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	71±8	30	16
182	Grapenuts TM
	Grapenuts TM (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Toronto, Canada) 15	67	30	13
	Grapenuts TM (Kraft Foods Inc., Port Chester, NY, USA)	75±6	30	16
	mean of two studies	71±4	30	15
183	Grapenuts TM Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Canada) 15	80	30	17
184	Guardian TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	37±9	30	5
185	Healthwise TM for bowel health (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Vic, Australia)	66±9	30	12
186	Healthwise TM for heart health (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	48±5	30	9
187	Honey Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±4	30	20
188	Honey Smacks TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	71±10	30	16
189	Hot cereal, apple & cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., USA)	37±6	30	8
190	Hot cereal, unflavoured (Con Agra Inc., USA)	25±5	30	5
191	Just Right TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	60±15	30	13
192	Just Right Just Grains TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	62±11	30	14
193	Komplete TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	48±5	30	10
194	Life TM (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	66	30	16
195	Mini Wheats TM, whole wheat (Kellogg's, Australia)	58±8	30	12
196	Mini Wheats TM, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±10	30	15
	Muesli
197	Muesli, NS (Canada)	66±9	30	16
198	Alpen Muesli (Wheetabix, France)	55±10	30	10
199	Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia) with 1.5% fat milk	39±6	30	7
200	Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, New Zealand)	54±12	30	10
201	Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, New Zealand)	57±9	30	11
202	Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia)	40±6	30	8
	mean of two studies	49±9	30	10
203	Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada) 15	60	30	11
204	Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	56±8	30	9
205	Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	43+4	30	7
206	Nutrigrain TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	66±12	30	10
207	Oat 'n Honey Bake TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±11	30	13
208	Oat bran
	Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	50	10	2
	Oat bran, raw	59	10	3
	mean of two studies	55±5	10	3
209	Porridge made from rolled oats
	Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 13	42	250	9
	Porridge (Canada) 16	49±8	250	11
	Traditional porridge oats (Lowan Whole Foods, Box Hill, Vic, Australia)	51±8	250	11
	Porridge (Hubbards, New Zealand)	58±9	250	12
	Porridge (Australia)	58±4	250	12
	Porridge (Canada)	62	250	14
	Porridge (Canada)	69	250	16
	Porridge (USA) 6	75	250	17
	mean of eight studies	58±4	250	13
210	Wholemeal oat flour porridge (flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)	74	50 (dry)	24
211	Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	55	250	15
212	Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	69	250	19
213	Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	50	250	14
214	Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	80	250	22
215	Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)	53	250	14
216	Instant Porridge
	Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)	65
	One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	66
	mean of two studies	66±1	250	17
217	Pop Tarts TM, Double Chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±2	50	25
218	Pro Stars TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15	71	30	17
219	Puffed Wheat
	Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co., Canada) 15	67	30	13
	Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Australia)	80±11	30	17
	mean of two studies	74±7	30	16
220	Raisin Bran TM (Kellogg's, USA)	61±5	30	12
221	Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada)	49	30	11
222	Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd., Leeton, NSW, Australia)	19±3	30	2
223	Rice Bubbles TM (puffed rice)
	Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 13	81
	Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	85±3
	Rice Bubbles TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	95
	mean of three studies	87±4	30	22
224	Rice Chex TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	89	30	23
225	Rice Krispies TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada) 15	82	30	21
226	Shredded Wheat		30	22
	Shredded Wheat (Canada)	67±10	30	13
	Shredded Wheat TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	83	30	17
	mean of two studies	75±8	30	15
	Special K TM - formulation of this cereal varies in different countries
227	Special K TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	54±4	30	11
228	Special K TM (Kellogg's, USA)	69±5	30	14
229	Special K TM (Kellogg's, France)	84±12	30	20
230	Soy Tasty TM (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit) (Sanitarium, Australia)	60±5	30	12
231	Soytana TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch with sultanas (20.1 g fiber per 100 g),	49±3	45	12
	(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
232	Sultana Bran TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	73±13	30	14
233	Sustain TM (Kellogg's, Australia) 13	68	30	15
234	Team TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada) 15	82	30	17
235	Thank Goodness TM (Hubbards, New Zealand)	65±18	30	15
236	Total TM (General Mills Inc., Canada) 15	76	30	17
237	Ultra-bran TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed extruded wheat bran cereal (30.2 g fiber per 100 g)	41±4	30	5
	(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
238	Wheat-bites TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	72±11	30	18
239	Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat)
	Vita-Brits TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia) 13	61	30	12
	Vita-Brits TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	68±6	30	13
	Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	69	30	12
	Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	69±4	30	12
	Weetabix TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd., Thornhill, Canada) 15	74	30	16
	Weetabix TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd.)	75±10	30	16
	Whole wheat Goldies TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±4	30	14
	mean of seven studies	70±2	30	13
	Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with additional ingredients
240	Good Start TM, muesli wheat biscuits (Sanitarium, Australia)	68±4	30	14
241	Hi-Bran Weet-Bix TM, wheat biscuits with extra wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia)	61±4	30	10
242	Hi-Bran Weet-Bix TM with soy and linseed (Sanitarium, Australia)	57±3	30	9
243	Honey Goldies TM (Kellogg's Australia)	72±3	30	15
244	Lite-Bix TM, plain, no added sugar (Sanitarium, Australia)	70±3	30	14
245	Oat bran Weet-Bix TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	57±4	30	11
246	Sultana Goldies TM (Kellogg's Australia)	65±6	30	13

	BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS
247	Crunchy Nut Cornflakes TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±6	30	19
248	Fibre Plus TM bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	78±9	30	18
249	Fruity-Bix TM bar, fruit and nut, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit and nuts	56±4	30	10
	with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
250	Fruity-Bix TM bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal with fruit and covered with	51±4	30	9
	yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
251	K-Time Just Right TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±4	30	17
252	K-Time Strawberry Crunch TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±5	30	19
253	Rice Bubble Treat TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	63±11	30	15
254	Sustain TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	57±10	30	14

	CEREAL GRAINS
	Amaranth
255	Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,	97±19	30	21
	eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
	Barley
256	Pearl Barley
	Barley, pearled (Canada)	22
	Barley (Canada)	22
	Barley, pot, boiled in salted water 20 min (Gouda's foods, Concord, Canada)	25±2
	Barley (Canada)	27
	Barley, pearled (Canada)	29
	mean of five studies	25±1	150	11
257	Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)	37
	Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)	48
	mean of two groups of subjects	43±6	150	26
258	Barley, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia)	50	150	21
259	Barley, rolled (Australia)	66±5	50 (dry)	25
260	Buckwheat
	Buckwheat (Canada)	49
	Buckwheat (Canada)	51±10
	Buckwheat (Canada)	63
	mean of three studies	54±4	150	16
261	Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated, dehusked, boiled 12 min (Sweden)	45	150	13
	Corn/Maize
262	Maize (Zea Mays), flour made into chapatti (India)	59
263	Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)	109
264	Cornmeal
	Cornmeal, boiled in salted water 2 min (McNair Products Co. Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	68	150	9
	Cornmeal + margarine (McNair Products Co. Ltd., Canada)	69	150	9
	mean of two studies	69±1	150	9
265	Sweet corn
	Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)	37±12	150	11
	Sweet corn, on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia)	48	150	14
	Sweet corn (Canada)	59±11	150	20
	Sweet corn (USA)	60	150	20
	Sweet corn (USA)	60	150	20
	Sweet corn (South Africa)	62±5	150	20
	mean of six studies	53±4	150	17
266	Sweet corn, whole kernel, canned, diet-pack, drained (Featherweight, USA)	46	150	13
267	Sweet corn, frozen, reheated in microwave	47	150	16
	(Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
268	Taco shells, cornmeal-based, baked (Old El Paso Foods Co., Toronto, Canada)	68	20	8
	Couscous
269	Couscous, boiled 5 min (Near East Food Products Co., Leominster, MA, USA)	61
	Couscous, boiled 5 min (Tunisia)	69
	mean of two studies	65±4	150	23
	Millet
270	Millet, boiled (Canada)	71±10	150	25
271	Millet flour porridge (Kenya)	107
	Rice, white
272	Arborio, risotto rice, boiled (Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)	69±7	150	36
273	White (Oryza sativa), boiled (India)	69±15	150	30
274	Rice, boiled white, type NS
	Type NS, eaten alone (France)	45	150	14
	Type NS (India)	48	150	18
	Type NS (Canada)	51	150	21
	Type NS (France)	52	150	19
	Type NS (Canada)	56	150	23
	Type NS (Pakistan)	69	150	26
	Type NS (Canada)	72±9	150	30
	Type NS, boiled in salted water (India)	72	150	27
	Type NS, boiled 13 min (Italy)	102	150	31
	Type NS (Kenya)	112	150	47
	Type NS, boiled (France)	43	150	13
	Type NS, boiled (France)	47	150	14
	mean of 12 studies	64±7	150	23
275	Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated 16-20h, reheated (India)	53	150	20
276	Type NS, boiled 13 min, then baked 10 min (Italy)	104	150	31
277	Long grain, boiled
	Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada)	41	150	16
	Long grain, white, unconverted, boiled 15 min (Mahatma brand, Riviana Foods,	50	150	21
	Wetherill Park, NSW, Australia )
	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Toronto, Canada)	55	150	22
	Long grain, white (Uncle Bens, Auckland, New Zealand)	56±7	150	24
	Long grain, boiled 25 min (Surinam)	56±2	150	24
	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	57	150	23
	Long grain, boiled 15 min	58	150	23
	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	60	150	24
	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	60	150	24
	Long grain, white, boiled 7 min (Star brand, Gouda foods, Concord, Canada)	64±3	150	26
	mean of 10 studies	56±2	150	23
	Rice, long grain, quick-cooking varieties
278	Long grain, parboiled 10 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)	68±6	150	25
279	Long grain, parboiled, 20 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)	75±7	150	28
280	Long grain, white, pre-cooked, microwaved 2 min (Express Rice, plain, Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods	52±5	150	19
	King's Lynn, Norfolk, UK)
	Rice, specialty rices
281	Cajun Style, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Bolton, Canada)	51	150	19
282	Garden Style, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	55	150	21
283	Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	54	150	20
284	Mexican Fast and Fancy, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	58	150	22
285	Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada)	57	150	18
286	Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	86±10	150	37
287	Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand)	98±7	150	31
288	Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	109±10	150	46
	Rice, white low-amylose
289	Calrose, white, medium grain, boiled (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	83±13	150	36
290	Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	87±7	150	37
291	Waxy (0-2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	88±11	150	38
292	Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	93±11	150	40
293	White, low-amylose, boiled (Turkey)	139	150	60
	Rice, white high-amylose
294	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose)	37	150	14
	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, white, long-grain (27% amylose), boiled 17.5 min	39	150	15
	mean of two studies	38	150	15
295	Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	50±6
	Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	64±9
	Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	54±7
	mean of three studies	56±4	150	22
296	Koshikari (Japonica), white, short-grain, boiled 15 min then steamed 10 min (Japan)	48±8	150	18
297	Basmati
	Basmati, white, boiled (Mahatma brand, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	58±8	150	22
	Precooked basmati rice in pouch, white, reheated in microwave, Uncle Ben's Express ®	57±4	150	24
	(Masterfoods. Kings Lynn, Norfolk, UK)
	Quick cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min, Uncle Ben's Superior (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium)	60±5	150	23
298	Rice, brown
	Brown (Canada)	66±5	150	21
	Brown, steamed (USA) 5	50	150	16
	Brown (Oriza Sativa), boiled (South India) 5	50±19	150	16
	mean of three studies	55±5	150	18
	Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	87±8	150	33
	Doongara brown, high amylose (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	66±7	150	24
	Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	76±6	150	29
	Parboiled, cooked 20 min, Uncle Ben's Natur-reis ® (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium)	64±7	150	23
	Sunbrown Quick TM (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	80±7	150	31
299	Instant/puffed rice
	Instant rice, white, boiled 1 min (Canada)	46	150	19
	Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min (Trice brand, Australia)	87	150	36
	Puffed, white, cooked 5 min, Uncle Ben's Snabbris ® (Masterfoods Olen, Belgium)	74±5	150	31
	mean of three studies	69±12	150	29
	Instant doongara, white, cooked 5 min (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	94±7	150	35
300	Parboiled rice
	Parboiled rice (Canada)	48	150	18
	Parboiled rice (USA)	72	150	26
	Converted, white, Uncle Ben's ® (Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)	45	150	16
	Converted, white, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's ® (Masterfoods USA, Vernon, CA)	38	150	14
	Converted, white, long grain, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's ® (Masterfoods USA)	50	150	18
	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) 6	39	150	14
	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	42	150	15
	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	43	150	16
	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	46	150	17
	Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada)	38	150	14
	Long grain, boiled, 10 min (USA) 5	61	150	22
	Long grain, boiled 15 min (Canada)	47	150	17
	Long grain, boiled 25 min (Canada)	46	150	17
	mean of thirteen studies	47±3	150	17
301	Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional Indian meal (India) 5	99
302	Parboiled, low-amylose
	Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled (12% amylose)	51	150	19
	Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	87±7	150	34
303	Parboiled, high-amylose
	Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	50±6	150	19
	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled (28% amylose)	35	150	13
	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled (27% amylose)	32	150	12
	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled (27% amylose)	27	150	11
	Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled (27% amylose)	33	150	13
	Mean of 5 studies	35±4	150	14
304	Rye, whole kernels
	Rye, whole kernels (Canada)	29	50 (dry)	11
	Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada)	34	50 (dry)	13
	Rye, whole kernels (Canada)	39	50 (dry)	15
	mean of three studies	34±3	50 (dry)	13
	Wheat
305	Wheat, whole kernels
	Wheat, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum) (India) 11	30±9	50 (dry)	11
	Wheat, whole kernels (Canada)	42	50 (dry)	14
	Wheat, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada)	44	50 (dry)	14
	Wheat, whole kernels (Canada)	48	50 (dry)	16
	mean of four studies	41±3	50 (dry)	14
306	Wheat, type NS(India)	90	50 (dry)	34
307	Wheat, precooked kernels
	Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 20 min (Ebly, Chateaudun, France)	52±4	50 (dry)	19
	Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France)	50±5	50 (dry)	17
	Durum wheat, precooked in pouch, reheated in microwave, Ebly Express (Ebly, France)	40±5	125	16
	Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	54±11	150	25
308	Semolina
	Semolina, roasted at 105 °C then gelatinised with water (India)	55±9
	Semolina, steamed and gelatinised (India)	54±13
	mean of two studies	55±1	150	6
309	Cracked wheat (bulgur/bourghul)
	Bulgur, boiled (Canada)	46
	Bulgur, boiled in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada)	46
	Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada)	46
	Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada)	53
	mean of four studies	48±2	150	12

	COOKIES
	Arrowroot
310	Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods, Toronto, Canada)	63	25	13
311	Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada)	62	25	11
312	Milk Arrowroot TM (Arnotts, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	69±7	25	12
	mean of three studies	65±2	25	12
313	Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France)	71±6	40	23
314	Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	57±9	50	19
315	Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	51±9	50	17
316	Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	67±11	25	14
317	Digestives
	Digestives (Canada)	55
	Digestives (Canada)	59±7
	Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	62
	mean of three studies	59±2	25	10
318	Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia Dietary Care Ltd., Redish, Stockport, UK)	58	25	10
319	Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands)	66±12	38	14
320	Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand)	77±25	25	13
321	Graham Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Toronto, Canada)	74	25	14
322	Gran'Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil)	28±5	30	6
323	Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France)	55±6	30	9
324	Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France)	50±5	30	7
325	Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands)	62±3	30	12
326	Highland Oatmeal TM (Westons biscuits, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	55±8	25	10
327	Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd., Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland)	57	25	8
328	LU P'tit Déjeuner Chocolat (LU, France)	42±5	50	14
329	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France)	45±5	50	16
	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France)	52±3	50	18
	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France)	49±8	50	18
	mean of three studies	49±2	50	17
330	Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd., New Zealand)	50±10	25	9
331	Morning Coffee TM (Arnotts, Australia)	79±6	25	15
332	Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France)	57±4	35	13
333	Oatmeal (Canada)	54±4	25	9
334	Oro (Saiwa, Italy)	61±9	40	20
	Oro (Saiwa, Italy)	67±17	40	21
	mean of two studies	64±3	40	20
335	Petit LU Normand (LU, France)	51±3	25	10
336	Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France)	48±4	25	9
337	Prince Energie+ (LU, France)	73±5	25	13
338	Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France)	53±5
	Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France)	50±5
	mean of two studies	52±2	45	16
339	Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain)	49±12	50	18
340	Prince Petit Déjeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain)	45±6	50	16
341	Rich Tea (Canada)	55±4	25	10
342	Sablé des Flandres (LU, France)	57±10	20	8
343	Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia)	64±8	25	10
344	Shredded Wheatmeal TM (Arnotts, Australia)	62±4	25	11
345	Snack Right Fruit Slice (97% fat-free) (Arnott's, Australia)	45±3	25	9
346	Thé (LU, France)	41±7	20	6
347	Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	77	25	14
348	Véritable Petit Beurre (LU, France)	51±8	25	9

	CRACKERS
349	Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd., Kitchener, Canada)	67	25	10
350	Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free (Real Foods, St Peters, NSW, Australia)	87±10	25	18
351	Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil)	65±11	25	11
352	High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia)	52±8	25	9
353	Jatz TM, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia)	55±5	25	10
354	Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia)	81±9	25	15
355	Puffed rice cakes
	Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Leeton, NSW, Australia)	82±11	25	17
	Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	91±7	25	19
	Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	61±5	25	13
	mean of three studies	78±9	25	17
356	Rye crispbread
	Rye crispbread (Canada)	63	25	10
	Ryvita TM (Canada)	69±10	25	11
	High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK)	59	25	9
	Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., UK)	63	25	11
	mean of four studies	64±2	25	11
357	Kavli TM Norwegian Crispbread (Players Biscuits, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	71±7	25	12
358	Sao TM, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia)	70±9	25	12
359	Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	67	25	12
360	Water cracker
	Water cracker (Canada)	63±9	25	11
	Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia)	78±11	25	14
	mean of two studies	71±8	25	13
361	Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	74	25	12
362	Vita-wheat TM, original, crispbread (Arnott's, Australia)	55±4	25	10

	DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
	Custard
363	No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder with whole milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	35±2	100	6
364	Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch, and sugar (Australia)	43±10	100	7
365	TRIM TM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd., South Brisbane, Qld, Australia)	37±4	100	6
	mean of three studies	38±2	100	6
366	Ice cream, Regular/NS
	Ice cream, NS (Canada)	36±8
	Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)	57
	Ice cream, NS(USA)	62
	Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA)	68±15
	Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)	80
	mean of five studies	61±7	50	8
367	Ice cream, Reduced- or Low-fat
	Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, 'Light' (Peter's, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	50±8	50	3
	Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2 % fat), Prestige Light rich vanilla (Norco, Lismore, NSW, Australia) 6	47±5	50	5
	Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat), Prestige Light traditional toffee (Norco, Australia) 6	37±4	50	5
	Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1 % fat), Prestige golden macadamia (Norco, Australia) 6	39±3	50	5
368	Ice cream, Premium (high-fat)
	Ice cream, premium, Ultra chocolate, 15% fat (Sara Lee, Gosford, NSW, Australia)	37±3	50	4
	Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat (Sara Lee, Australia)	38±3	50	3
369	Milk, full-fat
	Full-fat (Italy)	11
	Full-fat (3% fat, Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) 6	21
	Full-fat (Italy)	24
	Full-fat cow's milk, fresh (Dairy Farmers, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	31±2
	Full-fat (Canada)	34±6
	Full-fat (USA)	40
	mean of five studies	27±4	250	3
370	Fermented cow's milk (ropy milk, långfil, 3% fat) (Arla, Gävle, Sweden) 6	11
371	Fermented cow's milk (filmjölk, 3% fat) (Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) 6	11
	mean of two foods	11
372	Milk, full-fat, plus bran
	Full-fat + 20g wheat bran (Italy)	25
	Full-fat + 20g wheat bran (Italy)	28
	mean of two studies	27±2	250	3
373	Milk, skim (Canada)	32±5	250	4
374	Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	61±6	50	17
375	Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame, Lite White TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	24±6	250	3
376	Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar, Lite White TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	34±4	250	9
377	Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from commerical mousse mix with water
	Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±4	50	4
	Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	31±4	50	3
	Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±4	50	4
	Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	33±5	50	4
	Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±5	50	4
	Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	32±3	50	3
	mean of six foods	34±1	50	4
378	Pudding
	instant, chocolate, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	47±4	100	7
	instant, vanilla, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Australia)	40±4	100	6
	mean of two foods	44±4	100	7
379	Yoghurt
	Yoghurt, type NS (Canada)	36±4	200	3
380	Low-fat yoghurt
	Low-fat, fruit, aspartame, Ski TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	14±4	200	2
	Low-fat, fruit, sugar, Ski TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	33±7	200	10
	Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'lite TM, Dairy Farmers, Australia)	31±14	200	9
381	Non-fat yoghurt, sweetened with acesulfame K and Splenda
	Diet Vaalia TM, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	23±2	200	4
	Diet Vaalia TM, mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	23±2	200	3
	Diet Vaalia TM, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	25±3	200	3
	Diet Vaalia TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	23±2	200	3
	Diet Vaalia TM, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia) 6	23±2	200	3
	mean of five foods	24±1	200	3
382	Reduced-fat yoghurt
	Reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, apricot & mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	26±4	200	8
	Reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, french vanilla (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	26±4	200	3
	Reduced-fat, Extra-Lite TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	28±4	200	9
	mean of three foods	27±1	200	7
383	Yoghurt drink, reduced-fat, Vaalia TM, tropical passionfruit (Pauls Ltd., Australia) 6	38±4	200	11
	Soy-based dairy product alternatives
384	Soy milks (containing maltodextrin)
	Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 0 mg calcium, Original (So Natural Foods, Taren Point, NSW, Australia) 6	44±5	250	8
	Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg calcium, Calciforte (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	36±4	250	6
	Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg calcium, Light (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	44±3	250	8
385	Soy milk drinks
	Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	30±3	250	7
	Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	34±3	250	8
	mean of two drinks	32±2	250	7
	Up & Go TM, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	43±5	250	11
	(Sanitarium, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
	Up & Go TM, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	46±5	250	11
	(Sanitarium, Australia)
	mean of two drinks	45±2	250	11
	Xpress TM, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6	39±2	250	13
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)
386	Soy yoghurt
	Soy yoghurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	50±3	200	13
387	Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with high-fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA)	115±14	50	10

	FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
388	Apples, raw
	Apple, NS (Denmark)	28	120	4
	Apple, Braeburn (New Zealand) 6	32±4	120	4
	Apple, NS (Canada)	34	120	5
	Apple, Golden Delicious (Canada)	39±3	120	6
	Apple, NS(USA)	40	120	6
	Apple, NS (Italy)	44	120	6
	mean of six studies	38±2	120	6
389	Apple juice
	Apple juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, SA, Australia)	39±5	250	10
	Apple juice, unsweetened (USA)	40	250	12
	Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)	41	250	12
	mean of three studies	40±1	250	11
390	Apple, dried (Australia)	29±5	60	10
	Apricots
391	Apricots, raw, NS (Italy)	57	120	5
392	Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada )	64	120	12
393	Apricots, dried (Australia)	30±7	60	8
	Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada)	32	60	10
	mean of two studies	31±1	60	9
394	Apricot fruit bar, pureed dried apricot filling in wholemeal pastry	50±8	50	17
	(Mother Earth, Auckland, New Zealand)
395	Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams, Para Hills, SA, Australia)	55±7	30	7
396	Apricot Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack	42±3	15	5
	(Blackmores Ltd., Balgowlah, NSW, Australia)
397	Banana, raw
	Banana (Canada)	46	120	12
	Banana (Italy)	58	120	13
	Banana (Canada)	58	120	15
	Banana (Canada)	62±9	120	16
	Banana (South Africa)	70±5	120	16
	Banana, ripe (all yellow) (USA)	51	120	13
	Banana, under-ripe (Denmark)	30	120	6
	Banana, slightly under-ripe (yellow with green sections) (USA)	42	120	11
	Banana, over-ripe (yellow flecked with brown) (USA)	48	120	12
	Banana, over-ripe (Denmark)	52	120	11
	mean of 10 studies	52±4	120	12
398	Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz Kidz TM (H J Heinz, Malvern, Vic, Australia)	61±11	30	12
399	Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), raw (Australia) 6	68	120	18
400	Cherries, raw, NS(Canada)	22	120	3
401	Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines) 6	40	120	12
402	Cranberry juice
	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray, Melbourne, Vic, Australia)	52±3	250	16
	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)	68±3	250	24
	Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)	56±4	250	16
403	Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia)	54±2	120	10
404	Dates, dried (Australia)	103±21	60	42
405	Figs, dried, tenderised, Dessert Maid brand (Ernest Hall & Sons, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	61±6	60	16
406	Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian Canners Ltd., Hamilton, Canada)	55	120	9
407	Grapefruit, raw (Canada)	25	120	3
408	Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)	48	250	9
409	Grapes, raw
	Grapes, NS(Canada)	43	120	7
	Grapes, NS (Italy)	49	120	9
	mean of two studies	46±3	120	8
	Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia)	59	120	11
410	Kiwi fruit, raw
	Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand) 6	47±4	120	5
	Kiwi fruit (Australia) 6	58±7	120	7
	mean of two studies	53±6	120	6
411	Lychee, canned in syrup and drained, Narcissus brand (China)	79±8	120	16
412	Mango, raw
	Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines) 6	41	120	8
	Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia) 6	51±3	120	8
	Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India) 11	60±16	120	9
	mean of three studies	51±5	120	8
413	Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert, Frutia TM (Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Qld, Australia)	42±3	100	10
414	Marmalade, orange (Australia)	48±9	30	9
415	Oranges, raw
	Oranges, NS (Denmark)	31	120	3
	Oranges, NS (South Africa)	33±6	120	3
	Oranges, NS (Canada)	40±3	120	4
	Oranges, NS (Italy)	48	120	5
	Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA)	48	120	5
	Oranges NS(Canada)	51	120	6
	mean of six studies	42±3	120	5
416	Orange juice
	Orange Juice (Canada)	46±6	250	12
	Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate, Quelch brand (Berri Ltd., Australia)	53±6	250	9
	Orange juice, reconstituted from frozen concentrate (USA)	57±6	250	15
	mean of three studies	52±3	250	12
417	Paw paw/papaya, raw
	Paw paw (Carica papaya) (Australia) 6	56±6	120	5
	Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India) 11	60±16	120	17
	Papaya (Carica papaya) (Philippines) 6	60	120	9
	mean of three studies	59±1	120	10
	Peaches
418	Peach, raw (Canada)	28	120	4
	Peach, raw (Italy)	56	120	5
	mean of two studies	42±14	120	5
419	Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Vic, Australia)	30±4	120	3
	Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd., Shepparton, Vic, Australia)	45±6	120	5
	mean of two studies	38±8	120	4
420	Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods, Hawthorn East, Vic, Australia)	58±11	120	9
421	Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd.)	52	120	9
422	Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite (SPC Ltd., Australia)	62±9	120	11
	Pears
423	Pear, raw, NS(Canada)	33	120	4
424	Pear, Winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand) 6	34±4	120	4
425	Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada)	41	120	3
426	Pear, raw, NS (Italy)	42	120	4
	mean of four studies	38±2	120	4
427	Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite (SPC Ltd., Australia)	25±6	120	4
428	Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd., Australia)	43±15	120	5
429	Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd.)	44	120	5
	Pineapple
430	Pineapple, raw (Australia) 6	66±7	120	6
	Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw (Philippines) 6	51	120	8
	mean of two studies	59±8	120	7
431	Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada)	46	250	15
	Plums
432	Plum, raw, NS (Canada)	24	120	3
	Plum, raw, NS (Italy)	53	120	6
	mean of two studies	39±15	120	5
433	Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc., Yuba City, CA, USA)	29±4	60	10
434	Raisins (Canada)	64±11	60	28
435	Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia) 6	65±9	120	4
436	Strawberries, fresh, raw (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	40±7	120	1
437	Strawberry jam	51±10	30	10
438	Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	90±12	30	23
439	Sultanas	56±11	60	25
440	Tomato juice, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6	38±4	250	4
441	Tropical Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack	41±3	15	5
	(Blackmores Ltd., Australia)
442	Vitari, wild berry, non-dairy, frozen fruit dessert (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	59±8	100	12
443	Watermelon, raw (Australia) 6	72±13	120	4
444	Wild Berry Fruity Bitz TM, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack	35±4	15	4
	(Blackmores Ltd., Australia)

	INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS
445	Formula
	Infasoy TM, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals, Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia) 6	55±6	100 mL	4
	Karicare TM gold starter formula with omega plus LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, New Zealand) 6	35±5	100 mL	2
	Nan-1 TM infant formula with iron (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	30±6	100 mL	2
	S-26 TM infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia) 6	36±6	100 mL	3
	Weaning Foods
446	Farex TM baby rice (Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Malvern, Vic, Australia) 6	95±13	87	6
447	Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months (Nutricia, Wells, UK)
	Apple, apricot and banana cereal 6	56±8	75	7
	Creamed porridge 6	59±8	75	5
	Rice pudding 6	59±6	75	6
448	Heinz for Baby from 4 months (Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Australia)
	Chicken and noodles with vegetables, strained 6	67±11	120	5
	Sweetcorn and rice 6	65±13	120	10

	LEGUMES AND NUTS
449	Baked Beans
	Baked Beans, canned (Canada)	40±3
	Baked Beans, canned haricot/navy beans in tomato sauce	56
	(Libby, McNeill & Libby, Chatham, Canada)
	mean of two studies	48±8	150	7
450	Beans, dried, boiled
	Beans, dried, type NS(Italy)	36	150	11
	Beans, dried, type NS(Italy)	20	150	6
	mean of two studies	29±9	150	9
451	Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled
	Blackeyed beans (Canada)	50	150	15
	Blackeyed beans (Canada)	33±4	150	10
	mean of two studies	42±9	150	13
452	Butter Beans
	Butter beans (South Africa)	28±7	150	5
	Butter beans, dried, cooked 1.25 h (South Africa)	29±8	150	6

	Butter beans (Canada)	36±4	150	7
	mean of three studies	31±3	150	6
	Butter beans, dried, boiled + 5g sucrose (South Africa)	30±2	150	6

	Butter beans, dried, boiled + 10g sucrose (South Africa)	31±2	150	6

	Butter beans, dried, boiled + 15g sucrose (South Africa)	54±4	150	11

453	Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
	Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), dried, soaked, boiled 35 min (Philippines)	10	150	3
	Chickpeas, dried, boiled (Canada)	31	150	9
	Chickpeas (Canada)	33	150	10
	Chickpeas (Canada)	36±5	150	11
	mean of four studies	28±6	150	8
454	Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	42	150	9
455	Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd., Scarborough, Canada)	41	150	7
456	Haricot/Navy beans
	Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at 15 psi for 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada)	29	150	9
	Haricot/Navy beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	30	150	9
	Haricot/Navy beans, boiled (Canada)	31±6	150	9
	Haricot/Navy beans (King Grains, Canada)	39	150	12
	Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at15 psi for 25 min (King Grains, Canada)	59	150	19
	mean of five studies	38±6	150	12
457	Kidney Beans
	Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked, boiled 17 min (Philippines)	13	150	3
	Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India)	19	150	5
	Kidney beans (USA) 5	23	150	6
	Kidney beans, dried, boiled (France)	23±1	150	6
	Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red, soaked 20 min, boiled 70 min (Sweden)	25	150	6
	Kidney beans (Canada)	29±8	150	7
	Kidney beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	42	150	10
	Kidney beans (Canada)	46	150	11
	mean of eight studies	28±4	150	7
458	Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) - autoclaved	34	150	8
459	Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	52	150	9
460	Kidney beans, dried, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h (India) 11	70±11	150	17
461	Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines)	20	150	5
462	Lentils, type NS
	Lentils, type NS (USA)	28
	Lentils, type NS (Canada)	29±3
	mean of two studies	29±1	150	5
463	Lentils, green
	Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Canada)	22	150	4
	Lentils, green, dried, boiled (France)	30±15	150	6
	Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Australia)	37±3	150	5
	mean of three studies	30±4	150	5
464	Lentils, green, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	52	150	9
465	Lentils, red
	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	18	150	3
	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	21	150	4
	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	31	150	6
	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	32	150	6
	mean of four studies	26±4	150	5
466	Lima beans, baby, frozen, reheated in microwave oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada)	32	150	10
467	Marrowfat peas
	Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (USA)	31
	Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (Canada)	47±3
	mean of two studies	39±8	150	7
468	Mung beans
	Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb), soaked, boiled 20 min (Philippines)	31	150	5
	Mung bean, fried (Australia)	53±8
	Mung bean, germinated (Australia)	25±4	150	4
	Mung bean, pressure cooked (Australia)	42±5	150	7
469	Peas, dried, boiled (Australia)	22	150	2
470	Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn. Huth.), soaked, boiled 45 min (Philippines)	22	150	4
471	Pinto beans
	Pinto beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	39	150	10
	Pinto beans, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	45	150	10
472	Romano beans (Canada)	46	150	8
473	Soya beans
	Soya beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	15±5	150	1
	Soya beans, dried, boiled (Australia)	20±3	150	1
	mean of two studies	18±3	150	1
	Soya beans, canned (Canada)	14±2	150	1
474	Split peas, yellow, boiled 20 min (Nupack, Mississauga, Canada)	32	150	6

	MEAL REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS
475	Hazelnut & Apricot bar (Dietworks, South Yarra, Vic, Australia)	42±7	50	9
476	L.E.A.N TM products (Usana Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, US)
	L.E.A.N Fibergy TM bar, Harvest Oat	45±4	50	13
	Nutrimeal TM, drink powder, Dutch Chocolate	26±3	250	3
	L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar TM, Peanut Crunch	30±4	40	6
	L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar TM, Chocolate Crunch	32±4	40	6
	mean of two Nutri bars	31±1	40	6
	Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate products (2000 formulations)
	(Worldwide Sport Nutritional Supplements Inc., Largo, FL, US)
477	Designer chocolate, sugar-free 6	14±3	35	3
478	Burn-it TM bars
	Chocolate deluxe 6	29±3	50	2
	Peanut butter 6	23±3	50	1
479	Pure-protein TM bars
	Chewy choc-chip 6	30±4	80	4
	Chocolate deluxe 6	38±4	80	5
	Peanut butter 6	22±4	80	2
	Strawberry shortcake 6	43±4	80	6
	White chocolate mousse 6	40±4	80	6
480	Pure-protein TM cookies
	Choc-chip cookie dough 6	25±3	55	3
	Coconut 6	42±5	55	4
	Peanut butter 6	37±7	55	3
481	Ultra pure-protein TM shakes
	Cappuccino	47±6	250	1
	Frosty chocolate	37±6	250	1
	Strawberry shortcake	42±4	250	1
	Vanilla ice cream	32±5	250	1

	MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
482	Chicken nuggets, frozen, reheated in microwave oven 5 min (Savings, Grocery Holdings,	46±4	100	7
	Tooronga, Vic, Australia)
483	Fish Fingers (Canada)	38±6	100	7
484	Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, home made (Australia)	40±5	360	15
485	Kugel (Polish dish containing egg noodles, sugar, cheese and raisins) (Israel)	65±6	150	31
486	Lean Cuisine TM, French style chicken with rice, reheated (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	36±6	400	24
487	Pies, beef, party size (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)	45±6	100	12
488	Pizza
	Pizza, cheese (Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	60	100	16
	Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan cheese and tomato sauce (Italy)	80	100	22
	Pizza, Super Supreme, pan (11.4% fat) (Pizza Hut, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	36±6	100	9
	Pizza, Super Supreme, thin and crispy (13.2 % fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia)	30±4	100	7
	Pizza, Vegetarian Supreme, thin and crispy (7.8 % fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia) 6	49±6	100	12
489	Sausages, NS(Canada)	28±6	100	1
490	Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed potato, home made (Australia)	66±12	360	35
491	Spaghetti bolognaise, home made (Australia)	52±9	360	25
492	Stirfried vegetables with chicken and boiled white rice, home made (Australia)	73±17	360	55
493	Sushi
	Sushi, salmon (from 'I Love Sushi' chain store, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	48±8	100	17
	Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)	55	100	20
	Mean of two studies	52±4	100	19
494	White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, cheese, and butter (France)	27	440	14
	White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, cheese and butter (France)	22	440	11
	Mean in two groups of subjects	25±2	440	13
	White bread with toppings
495	White wheat flour bread, butter, cheese, regular cow's milk and fresh cucumber (Sweden) 6	55	200	38
496	White wheat flour bread, butter, yoghurt and pickled cucumber (Sweden) 6	39	200	11
497	White bread with butter (Canada)	59	100	29
498	White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada)	55	100	26
499	White bread with butter and skim milk cheese (Canada)	62	100	23
500	White/wholemeal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada)	51	100	23
	White/wholemeal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada)	67	100	30
	mean of two studies	59±8	100	26

	NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
501	Choicedm TM, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Evansville, IN, US)	23±4	237mL	6
502	Enercal Plus TM, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst International Inc., Madison, NJ, US)	61±13	237mL	24
503	Ensure TM (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell, NSW, Australia)	50±8	237mL	19
504	Ensure TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)	48±3	250mL	16
505	Ensure TM bar, chocolate fudge brownie (Abbott Australasia)	43±3	38	8
506	Ensure Plus TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)	40±4	237mL	19
507	Ensure Pudding TM, old fashioned vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Ashland, OH, USA)	36±4	113	9
508	Glucerna TM, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA) 6	31±2	237mL	7
509	Jevity TM (Abbott Australasia)	48±3	237mL	17
510	Resource Diabetic TM, French vanilla (Novartis Nutrition Corp., Young America, MN, USA) 6	34±3	237mL	8
511	Resource Diabetic TM, Swiss chocolate (Novartis, Auckland, New Zealand)	16±4	237mL	7
512	Resource TM thickened orange juice, honey consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)	47±9	237mL	18
513	Resource TM thickened orange juice, nectar consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)	54±7	237mL	19
514	Resource TM fruit beverage, peach flavour (Novartis, New Zealand)	40±8	237mL	16
515	Sustagen TM, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)	31±4	250mL	13
516	Sustagen TM Hospital with extra fiber, drink made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)	33±4	250mL	15
517	Sustagen TM Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)	27±3	250	13
518	Ultracal TM with fiber (Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN, USA)	40	237 mL	12

	PASTA and NOODLES
519	Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	45	180	20
520	Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)	78±10	180	32
521	Fettucine, egg
	Fettucine, egg	32±4	180	15
	Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods, Rowville, Vic, Australia)	47±6	180	22
	mean of two studies	40±8	180	18
522	Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, boiled 8 min (UK)	54	180	22
523	Gnocchi, NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd., Mt. Waverley, Vic, Australia)	68±9	180	33
524	Instant noodles
	Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi ® (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	46±5
	Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi ® (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand)	48±8
	Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada)	47
	mean of three studies	47±1	180	19
525	Linguine
	Thick, durum wheat, white, fresh (Sweden)	43	180	21
	Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, boiled 8 min (Sweden)	48	180	23
	mean of two studies	46±3	180	22
	Thin, durum wheat (Sweden)	49	180	23
	Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, boiled 3 min (Sweden)	61	180	29
	Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% w/w egg, (Sweden)	45	180	18
	Thin, fresh, with 0.6% w/w monoglycerides and 30% w/w egg, boiled 3 min (Sweden)	53	180	22
	mean of four studies	52±3	180	23
526	Mung bean noodles
	Lungkow beanthread noodles (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)	26	180	12
	Mung bean noodles (Longkou beanthread), dried, boiled (Yantai cereals, China)	39±9	180	18
	mean of two studies	33±7
527	Macaroni
	Macaroni, plain, boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	45	180	22
	Macaroni, plain, boiled (Turkey)	48	180	23
	mean of two studies	47±2	180	23
	Macaroni and Cheese, boxed (Kraft General Foods Canada Inc., Don Mills, Ontario)	64	180	32
528	Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat filled, boiled (Australia)	39±1	180	15
529	Rice noodles/pasta
	Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand)	61±6	180	23
	Rice noodles, freshly made, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)	40±4	180	15
	Rice pasta, brown, boiled 16 min (Rice Grower's Co-op., Leeton, NSW, Australia)	92±8	180	35
	Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris'O'Mais (Orgran Foods, Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)	76±6	180	37
	Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, China)	58	180	22
	Spaghetti
530	Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea, canned in tomato sauce (Orgran Foods, Australia)	68±9	220	19
531	Spaghetti, protein enriched, boiled 7 min (Catelli Plus, Catelli Ltd., Montreal, Canada)	27	180	14
532	Spaghetti, white, boiled 5 min
	Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	32	180	15
	Boiled 5 min (Canada)	34	180	16
	Boiled 5 min (Canada)	40	180	19
	Boiled 5 min (Middle East)	44	180	21
	mean of four studies	38±3	180	18
533	Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
	White, durum wheat, boiled 10 min in salty water (Barilla, Parma, Italy) 12	58	180	28
	White, durum wheat flour, boiled 12 min (Starhushålls, Kungsörnen AB, Järna, Sweden)	47	180	23
	White, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides, boiled 12 min (Sweden)	53	180	25
	Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	32	180	15
	Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	36	180	17
	Boiled 15 min (Canada)	41	180	20
	White, boiled 15 min in salted water (Unico, Concord, Canada)	44±3	180	21
	mean of seven studies	44±3	180	21
534	Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 20 min
	White, durum wheat, boiled 20 min (Australia)	58±7	180	26
	Durum wheat, boiled 20 min (USA)	64±15	180	27
	mean of two studies	61±3	180	27
535	Spaghetti, white, boiled
	White (Denmark)	33	180	16
	White, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada)	34	180	16
	White (Australia)	38	180	17
	White (Canada)	42	180	20
	White (Canada)	48	180	23
	White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	49±7	180	22
	White (Canada)	50±8	180	24
	mean of seven studies	42±3	180	20
536	Spaghetti, white, durum wheat semolina (Panzani, Marseilles, France)
	Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min	59±15	180	28
	Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min	65±15	180	31
	Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min	46±10	180	22
	mean of three cooking times	57±6	180	27
537	Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled
	Wholemeal (USA)	32	180	14
	Wholemeal (Canada)	42±4	180	17
	mean of two studies	37±5	180	16
538	Spirali, durum wheat, white, boiled to al denté texture (Vetta, Australia)	43±10	180	19
539	Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free (Orgran Foods, Australia)	29±6	180	9
540	Star Pastina, white, boiled 5 minutes (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	38	180	18
541	Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer, Nestlé, Don Mills, Canada)	50	180	10
542	Udon noodles, plain, reheated 5 min (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia) 6	62±8	180	30
543	Vermicelli, white, boiled (Australia)	35±7	180	16

	SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
544	Burger Rings TM, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack Food Co., Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	90±16	50	28
545	Chocolate, milk, plain
	Chocolate, milk, plain with sucrose (Belgium) 6	34±5	50	7
	Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery, Ringwood, Vic, Australia)	49±6	50	14
	Chocolate, milk, Dove ® (Mars Confectionery, Ballarat, Vic, Australia)	45±8	50	13
	Chocolate, milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	42±8	50	13
	mean of four studies	43±3	50	12
	Chocolate, milk, plain, low-sugar with maltitol (Belgium) 6	35±16	50	8
546	Chocolate, white, Milky Bar ® (Nestlé, Australia)	44±6	50	13
547	Corn chips
	Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos TM original, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia, 1998)	42±4	50	11
	Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos TM original, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia, 1985)	72	50	18
	Nachips TM (Old El Paso Foods Co., Canada)	74	50	21
	mean of three studies	63±10	50	17
548	Fruit Bars
	Apricot filled fruit bar (pureed dried apricot filling in wholemeal pastry)	50±8	50	17
	(Mother Earth, Auckland, New Zealand)
	Heinz Kidz TM Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Malvern, Vic, Australia)	61±11	30	12
	Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Vic, Australia)	90±12	30	23
	Roll-Ups ® , processed fruit snack (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	99±12	30	24
549	Fruity Bitz TM , vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snacks
	Fruity Bitz TM, apricot (Blackmores Ltd., Balgowlah, NSW, Australia)	42±3	15	5
	Fruity Bitz TM, berry (Blackmores Ltd., Australia)	35±4	15	4
	Fruity Bitz TM, tropical (Blackmores Ltd., Australia)	41±3	15	5
	mean of three flavours	39±2	15	4
550	Jelly beans
	Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's, Nestle, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	80±8
	Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Vic, Australia)	76±6
	mean of two studies	78±2	30	22
551	Kudos Whole Grain Bars, chocolate chip (M & M/Mars, Hackettstown, NJ, USA)	62±8	50	20
552	Life Savers ® , peppermint candy (Nestlé, Australia)	70±6	30	21
553	M & M's ® , peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	33±3	30	6
554	Mars Bar ®
	Mars Bar ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	62±8	60	25
	Mars Bar ® (M&M/Mars, USA)	68±12	60	27
	mean of two studies	65±3	60	26
555	Muesli bar containing dried fruit (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	61±7	30	13
556	Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain)	32	30	4
557	Nutella ® , chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero Australia, Milson's Point, NSW, Australia)	33±4	20	4
	Nuts
558	Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia) 6	22±5	50	3
559	Peanuts
	Peanuts, crushed (South Africa) 6	7±4	50	0
	Peanuts (Canada) 6	13±6	50	1
	Peanuts (Mexico) 6	23	50	2
	mean of three studies	14±8	50	1
560	Popcorn
	Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven (Green's Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	55±7	20	6
	Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	89	20	10
	mean of two studies	72±17	20	8
561	Pop Tarts TM, double choc (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia)	70±2	50	24
562	Potato crisps
	Potato crisps, plain, salted (Arnott's, Homebush, NSW, Australia)	57	50	10
	Potato crisps, plain, salted (Canada)	51±7	50	12
	mean of two studies	54±3	50	11
563	Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavour (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)	83±9	30	16
564	Skittles ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	70±5	50	32
565	Snack bars
	Snack bar, Apple Cinnamon (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA)	40±8	50	12
	Snack bar, Peanut Butter & Choc-Chip (Con Agra Inc., USA)	37±6	50	10
566	Snickers Bar ®
	Snickers Bar ® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	41±5	60	15
	Snickers Bar ® (M&M/Mars, USA)	68	60	23
	mean of two studies	55±14	60	19
567	Twisties TM, cheese-flavoured, extruded snack, rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co., Australia)	74±5	50	22
568	Twix ® Cookie Bar, caramel (M&M/Mars, USA)	44±6	60	17

	SPORTS BARS
569	Power Bar ®
	Power Bar ® , chocolate (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA)	58±5
	Power Bar ® , chocolate (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA)	53
	mean of two studies	56±3	65	24
570	Ironman PR bar ® , chocolate (PR Nutrition, San Diego, CA, USA)	39	65	10

	SOUPS
571	Black Bean (Wil-Pack Foods, San Pedro, CA, USA)	64	250	17
572	Green Pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	66	250	27
573	Lentil, canned (Unico, Concord, Canada)	44	250	9
574	Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle TM (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, NSW, Australia) 6	39±3	250	7
575	Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup with stock and noodles)	1	250	0
576	Split Pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA)	60	250	16
577	Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, peppers)	20
578	Tomato soup (Canada)	38±9	250	6

	SUGARS AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS
579	Blue Agave cactus nectar, high-fructose
	Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 90% fructose (Western Commerce Corp., City of Industry,	11±1	10	1
	CA, USA) 6
	Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 97% fructose (Western Commerce Corp., USA) 6	10±1	10	1
580	Fructose
	25g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., Toronto, Canada) 6	11
	50g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc., Toronto, Canada)	12
	50g portion	20±5
	50g portion	21
	50g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA)	24
	25g portion, fed with oats 28	25
	mean of six studies	19±2	10	2
581	Glucose
	50 g portion (dextrose)	85
	25g portion, fed with oats 28	92
	50 g portion	93
	50 g portion (dextrose)	96
	50 g portion	96
	50 g portion (Bio-Health, Dawson Traders Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	96
	50 g portion	100
	50 g portion (Glucodin TM glucose tablets, Boots, North Ryde, NSW, Australia)	102±9
	25 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada) 6	103
	50 g portion (dextrose)	111
	100 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada) 12	114
	mean of 11 studies	99±3	10	10
	Glucose consumed with American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)
582	25 g glucose (Glucodex solution, Rougier Inc., Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng 5	78	10	8
583	25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min after 3 g dried ginseng 5	80
	25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before 3 g dried ginseng 5	76
	mean in two groups of subjects	78±2	10	8
584	Glucose consumed with gum/fiber
	46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract (FITA, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	79±3	10	6
	(total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g)
	50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum	62	10	6
	50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat ß-glucan)	57	10	6
	100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum 5	85	10	9
585	Glucose consumed with a mixed meal
	30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 30 g cheese, 10 g butter	55
	(total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France)
	30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, 30 g cheese, 10 g butter	57
	(total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France)
	mean in two groups of subjects	56±1	250	20
586	Honey
	Locust honey (Romania) 6	32	25	7
	Yellow box (46% fructose) (Australia) 6	35±4	25	6
	Stringy Bark (52% fructose) (Australia) 6	44±4	25	9
	Red Gum (35% fructose) (Australia) 6	46±3	25	8
	Iron Bark (34% fructose) (Australia) 6	48±3	25	7
	Yapunya (42 % fructose) (Australia) 6	52±5	25	9
	Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd., Richlands, Qld, Australia)	58±6	25	12
	Commercial Blend (38% fructose) (WA blend, Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia) 6	62±3	25	11
	Salvation Jane (32% fructose) (Australia) 6	64±5	25	10
	Commercial Blend (28% fructose) (NSW blend, Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia) 6	72±6	25	9
	Honey, NS(Canada) 6	87±8	25	18
	mean of 11 types of honey	55±5	25	10
587	Lactose
	50 g lactose (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)	43
	25 g lactose (BDH, Poole, UK) 6	48
	25 g lactose 28	48
	mean of three studies	46±2	10	5
588	50 g maltose	105±12	10	11
589	Sucrose
	50 g sucrose (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)	58
	50 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada)	58
	50 g sucrose	59±10
	50 g sucrose	60
	25 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada) 6	60
	25 g sucrose 28	64
	50 g sucrose	65±9
	100 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada) 12	65
	30 g sucrose 29	82
	25 g sucrose 6	110±21
	mean of 10 studies	68±5	10	7
	Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds
590	Lactitol
	25 g lactitol 30	-1±7
	25 g lactitol MC (Danisco sweeteners, Redhill, Surrey, UK) 30	3±1
	mean of two studies	2±3	10	0
591	Litesse
	25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30	7±2	10	1
	25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30	4±2	10	0
592	Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents
	25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	30±12	10	3
	25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	44±11	10	4
	25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	73±29	10	7
	25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol) (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium) 30	89±28	10	9
593	Xylitol
	25 g xylitol 30	7±7
	25 g Xylitol C (Danisco Sweeteners, UK) 30	8±2
	mean of two studies	8±1	10	1

	VEGETABLES
594	Broad beans (Canada) 6	79±16	80	9
595	Green peas
	Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada) 6	39	80	3
	Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada) 6	51±6	80	4
	Pea, green (Pisum Sativum) (India) 11	54±14	80	4
	mean of three studies	48±5	80	3
596	Pumpkin (South Africa)	75±9	80	3
597	Sweet corn
	Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)	37±12	80	6
	Sweet corn on the cob, boiled 20 min (Sydney, Australia)	48	80	8
	Sweet corn (Canada)	59±11	80	11
	Sweet corn, boiled (USA)	60	80	11
	Sweet corn, boiled (USA)	60	80	11
	Sweet corn (South Africa)	62±5	80	11
	mean of six studies	54±4	80	9
	Sweet corn, whole kernel, diet-pack, Featherweight, canned, drained, heated (USA)	46	80	7
	Sweet corn, frozen, heated in microwave (Green Giant, Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	47	80	7
	Root vegetables
598	Beetroot (Canada) 6	64±16	80	5
599	Carrots
	Carrots, raw (Romania) 5,6	16	80	1
	Carrots, peeled, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	32±5	80	1
	Carrots, peeled, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	49±2	80	2
	Carrots, NS (Canada) 6	92±20	80	5
	mean of four studies	47±16	80	3
600	Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya, Africa)	46	100	12
601	Parsnips (Canada) 6	97±19	80	12
	Potato
602	Baked potato
	Ontario, white, baked in skin (Canada)	60	150	18
603	Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
	Russet, baked without fat (Canada)	56
	Russet, baked without fat, 45-60 min (USA)	78
	Russet, baked without fat (USA)	94
	Russet, baked without fat (USA)	111
	mean of four studies	85±12	150	26
604	Boiled potato
	Desiree, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)	101±15	150	17
	Nardine (New Zealand)	70±17	150	18
	Ontario, white, peeled, cut into cubes, boiled in salted water 15 min (Canada)	58	150	16
	Pontiac, peeled, boiled whole for 30 min (Australia)	56	150	14
	Pontiac, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)	88±9	150	16
	Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water 15 min (Canada)	63	150	11
	Sebago, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)	87±7	150	14
605	Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
	Type NS (Kenya, Africa)	24	150	7
	White, cooked (Romania) 5	41	150	12
	White, boiled (Canada)	54	150	15
	Type NS, boiled (Australia)	56	150	11
	Type NS, boiled in salted water (India)	76	150	26
	mean of five studies	50±9	150	14
	Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated, reheated (India)	23	150	8
606	Canned potatoes
	Prince Edward Island, canned, microwave heated (Avon, Cobi Foods Inc., Port Williams, Canada)	61	150	11
	New, canned, heated in microwave 3 min (Mint Tiny Taters, Edgell's, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia) B23	65±9	150	12
	mean of two studies	63±2	150	11
607	French Fries
	French fries, frozen, reheated in microwave (Cavendish Farms, New Annan, Canada)	75	150	22
608	Instant Mashed potato
	Instant (France)	74±12
	Instant (Canada)	80±13
	Instant (Edgell's Potato Whip, Edgell's, Australia)	86
	Instant (Carnation Foods Co. Ltd., Manitoba, Canada)	86
	Instant (Canada)	88
	Instant mashed potato (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)	97±6
	mean of six studies	85±3	150	17
609	Mashed potato
	Type NS (Canada)	67
	Type NS (South Africa)	71±10
	Type NS (France)	83
	mean of three studies	74±5	150	15
	Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed (Canada)	73	150	13
	Pontiac, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed (Australia)	91±9	150	18
610	Microwaved potato		150	12
	Pontiac, peeled and microwave on high for 6-7.5 min (Australia)	79±9	150	14
	Type NS, microwaved (USA)	82	150	27
611	New Potato
	New (Canada)	47
	New (Canada)	54
	New (Canada)	70±8
	mean of three studies	57±7	150	12
	New, unpeeled and boiled 20 min (Australia)	78±12	150	16
612	Steamed potato
	Potato, peeled, steamed 1 h (Solanum Tuberosum) (India) 11	65±11	150	18
	Potato dumplings (white wheat flour, white potatoes, boiled in salted water (Italy))	52	150	24
613	Sweet potato
	Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (Australia)	44	150	11
	Sweet potato, NS (Canada)	48±6	150	16
	Sweet potato, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water 15 min (Canada)	59	150	18
	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	77±12	150	19
	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	78±6	150	20
	mean of five studies	61±7	150	17
614	Swede
	Swede (rutabaga) (Canada) 6	72±8	150	7
615	Tapioca
	Tapioca boiled with milk (General Mills Canada Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	81	250	14
	Tapioca (Manihot Utilissima), steamed 1 h (India) 11	70±10	250	12
616	Taro
	Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia)	54
	Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	56±12
	mean of two studies	55±1	150	4
617	Yam
	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	25±4
	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	35±5
	Yam (Canada)	51±12
	mean of three studies	37±8	150	13

	INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
	AFRICAN
618	Brown beans (South Africa)	24±8	50 (dry)	6
622	Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya)	46	100	12
624	Ga kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal (Zea mays) (Ghana) 31	12±1	150	7
625	Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima) (Ghana) 31	56±3	100	15
619	Gram dhal (chana dal; South Africa)	5±3	50 (dry)	1
620	Maize meal porridge, unrefined, maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)	71±6	50 (dry)	25
	Maize meal porridge, refined, maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)	74±7	50 (dry)	30
	Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)	109	50 (dry)	41
621	M'fino/Morogo, wild greens (South Africa)	68±8	120	34
623	Millet flour porridge/gruel (Kenya)	107
626	Unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) (Ghana) 31	40±4	120 (raw)	13
627	Yam (Dyscoria species) (Ghana) 31	66	150	23
	ARABIC AND TURKISH
628	Hoummous (chickpea salad dip)	6±4	30	0
629	Kibbeh saynieh (made with lamb and burghul)	61±16	120	9
630	Lebanese bread (white, unleaved), hoummous, falafel and tabbouleh	86±12	120	39
631	Majadra (Syrian, lentils and rice)	24±5	250	10
632	Moroccan Couscous (stew of semolina, chickpeas, vegetables)	58±9	250	17
633	Stuffed Grapevine Leaves (rice and lamb stuffing with tomato sauce)	30±11	100	5
634	Tarhana soup (wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, green pepper)	20
635	Turkish bread, white wheat flour	87	30	15
636	Turkish bread, whole wheat	49	30	8
637	Turkish noodle soup	1	250	0
	ASIAN
638	Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Lion foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	86±10	150	37
639	Butter rice, warm white rice and butter (Japan)	79	150	40
640	Curry rice (Japan)	67	150	41
641	Curry rice with cheese (Japan)	55	150	27
642	Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Co., Bangkok, Thailand)	98±7	150	31
	Glutinous rice NS (Esubi Shokuhin, Japan)	86	150	55
	Mean of two studies	92±6	150	44
643	Glutinous rice ball with cut glutinous cake (mochi) (Japan)	48	75	14
644	Glutinous rice cake with dried sea algae (Japan)	83	75	32
645	Glutaminous rice flour, instant, served warm with roasted ground soybean (Japan)	65	100	27
646	Jasmine rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)	109±10	150	46
647	Low-protein white rice with dried sea algae (Japan)	70	150	42
648	Lungkow beanthread (National Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)	26	180	12
649	Lychee, canned in syrup, drained (Narcissus brand, China)	79±8	120	16
650	Mung bean noodles, dried, boiled (China)	39±9	180	18
651	Non-glutaminous rice flour, served warm with drink (Yamato Nousan, Japan)	68	100	34
652	Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan)	91	30	23
653	Rice gruel with dried algae (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	81	250	15
654	Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand)	61±6	180	23
655	Rice noodles, fresh, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)	40±4	180	15
656	Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, China)	58	180	22
657	Roasted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	77	75	21
658	Salted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	80	75	20
659	Soba noodles, instant, reheated in hot water, served with soup (Japan)	46	180	22
660	Stirfried vegetables, chicken and rice, home made (Australia)	73±17	360	55
661	Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi' chain store, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	48±8	100	17
	Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)	55	100	20
	Mean of two studies	52±4	100	19
662	Udon noodles, fresh, reheated (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia) 6	62±8	180	30
	Udon noodles, instant, with sauce and fried bean curd (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)	48	180	23
	Mean of two studies	55±7	180	26
663	White rice, dried sea algae and milk, eaten together (Japan)	57
	White rice, dried sea algae and milk (milk eaten before rice) (Japan)	56
	White rice, dried sea algae and milk (milk eaten after rice) (Japan)	55
	Mean of three types	56±1	300	26
664	White rice with dried fish strip (okaka) (Japan)	79	150	40
665	White rice with fermented soybean (natto) (Japan)	56	150	24
666	White rice with instant miso soup (soybean paste soup) (Japan)	61	150	29
667	White rice with low-fat milk (Japan)	69	300	32
668	White rice and non-sugar yoghurt (yoghurt eaten before rice) (Japan)	59
	White rice and non-sugar yoghurt eaten together (Japan)	58
	Mean of two types	59±1	150	19
669	White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber (pickled food eaten before rice) (Japan)	63
	White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber (pickled food eaten with rice) (Japan)	61
	Mean of two types	62±1	150	27
670	White rice topped with raw egg and soy sauce (Japan)	72	150	26
671	White rice with roasted ground soybean (Japan)	56	150	29
672	White rice with salted dried plum (umeboshi) (Japan)	80	150	39
673	White rice with sea algae rolled in sheet of toasted sea algae (Japan)	77	150	39
	ASIAN INDIAN
674	Amaranth, Amaranthus esculentum, popped, eaten with milk and	97±19	30	18
	non-nutritive sweetener
675	Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum),eaten as roasted bread made from bajra flour	55±13
	Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum)	49
	Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum)	67
	Mean of three studies	57±5	75 (dry)	29
676	Banana, (Musa sapientum), Nendra variety, unripe, steamed 1 h 11	70±11	120	31
677	Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	48
	Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	37
	Mean in two groups of subjects	43±6	150	16
678	Bengal gram dhal, chickpea (chana dal)	11	150	4
679	Black gram, (Phaseolus mungo), soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	43±10	150	8
	Chapatti
680	Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (25:75) composite flour, served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	66±10	60	20
681	Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (50:50) composite flour, served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	76±20	60	23
682	Chapatti, baisen	27
683	Chapatti, bajra	67
	Chapatti, bajra	49
	Mean in two groups of subjects	58±9
684	Chapatti, barley	37
	Chapatti, barley	48
	Mean in two groups of subjects	42±5
685	Chapatti, maize, (Zea mays)	64
	Chapatti, maize, (Zea mays)	59
	Mean in two groups of subjects	62±3
686	Chapatti, wheat, served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	66±9	60	21
687	Chapatti, flour from malted wheat, moth bean (Phaseolus aconitifolius) and	66±9	60	25
	bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
688	Chapatti, flour made from popped wheat, moth bean and bengal gram	40±8	60	14
689	Chapatti, flour from roller dried wheat, moth bean and bengal gram	60±9	60	23
690	Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram (Phaseolus aureus) dhal	81±4	200	41
	Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram (Phaseolus aureus) dhal	44±3	200	22
	Mean in two groups of subjects	63±19	200	32
	Cheela (thin savoury pancake made from legume flour batter)
691	Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)	42±1	150	12
	Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), fermented batter	36±1	150	10
692	Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus)	45±1	150	12
	Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus), fermented batter	38±1	150	10
693	Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake; dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina	35±4
	Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake; dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina	31±6
	Mean in two groups of subjects	33±2	100	6
694	Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground, fermented and fried) with chutney	77±3	150	30
	Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground, fermented and fried) with chutney	55±2	150	22
	Mean in two groups of subjects	66±11	150	26
695	Green gram, (Phaseolus aureus), soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	38±14	150	6
696	Green gram, whole with varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked	57±6	80 (dry)	29
697	Green gram dhal with varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked	78±12	78 (dry)	39
698	Horse gram, (Dolichos biflorus) soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	51±11	150	15
699	Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney	77±2	250	40
	Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney	60±2	250	31
	Mean in two groups of subjects	69±9	250	36
700	Jowar, roasted bread made from Jowar flour (Sorghum vulgare)	77±8	70 (dry)	39
701	Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted legume powder, fenugreek seeds)	24±4
	in hot sweet syrup
	Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted legume powder, fenugreek seeds)	29±4
	in hot sweet syrup
	Mean in two groups of subjects	27±3	50	8
702	Lentil and cauliflower curry with rice (Australia)	60±10	360	31
703	Millet/Ragi, (Eleucine coracana), dehusked, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h 11	68±10	150	23
704	Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) 11	84	70 (dry)	42
	Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) flour eaten as roasted bread	104±13	70 (dry)	52
	mean of two studies	94±10
705	Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, pressure cooked)	90±3
	Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, pressure cooked)	45±2
	Mean in two groups of subjects	68±23	250	35
706	Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with potato palya (mashed potato)	82±2
	Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with potato palya (mashed potato)	57±1
	Mean in two groups of subjects	70±13	150	28
707	Rajmah, Phaseolus vulgaris	19	150	6
708	Rice, (Oryza Sativa) boiled served with bottle gourd and tomato curry	69±15	150	26
709	Semolina
	Semolina (Triticum aestivum), steamed	55±9	67 (dry)	28
	Semolina (Triticum aestivum), pre-roasted	76±6	67 (dry)	38
	Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented black gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo)	46±12	71 (dry)	23
	Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus)	62±20	71 (dry)	31
	Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum)	54±7	71 (dry)	27
710	Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1h 11	70±10	250	12
711	Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked 15lb 12-15 min	68±8	76 (dry)	34
712	Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)	67±3
	Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)	69±4
	Mean in two groups of subjects	68±1	150	28
713	Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds; roasted and cooked in water)	18±3
	Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds; roasted and cooked in water)	19±3
	Mean in two groups of subjects	18±1	150	6
	AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL
714	Acacia aneura, mulga seed, roasted, wet ground to paste 6	8	50	1
715	Acacia coriacea, desert oak,seed bread 6	46	75	11
716	Araucaria bidwillii, bunya tree nut, baked 10 min 6	47	50	7
717	Bush honey, sugar bag 6	43	30	11
718	Castanospermum australe, blackbean seed, sliced, soaked 1 wk, pounded and baked 6	8	50	1
719	Dioscorea bulbifera, cheeky yam, peeled, sliced, soaked 2 d, baked 15 min 6	34	150	12
720	Macrozamia communis, cycad palm seed, sliced, soaked 1 wk, pounded, baked 6	40±2	50	10
	PACIFIC ISLANDERS
721	Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (Australia) 6	68	120	18
722	Banana/plantain, green
	Green banana, boiled (New Zealand)	38±10	120	8
723	Sweet Potato
	Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (Australia)	44	150	11
	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	77±12	150	19
	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	78±6	150	20
	mean of three studies	66±11	150	17
724	Taro
	Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia)	54
	Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	56±12
	mean of two studies	55±1	150	4
725	Yam
	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	25±4
	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	35±5
	mean of two groups of subjects	30±5	150	13
	ISRAELI
726	Melawach (dough made from white wheat flour and butter, fried)	61±10
	Melawach	71±7
	mean of two studies	66±5	115	35
727	Melawach + 15 g locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) fiber (soluble)	31±6	130	16
728	Melawach + 15 g maize cob fiber (insoluble)	59±10	130	31
729	Melawach + 15 g lupin (Lupinus albus) fiber	72±10	130	38
	PIMA INDIAN
730	Acorns, stewed with venison (Quercus emoryi) 6	16±1	100	1
731	Cactus jam (Stenocereus thurberi)	91	30	18
732	Corn hominy (Zea mays) 6	40±5	150	12
733	Fruit Leather (Stenocereus thurberi)	70	30	17
734	Lima beans broth (Phaseolus lunatus) 6	36±3	250	12
735	Mesquite cakes (Prosopis velutina) 6	25±3	60	1
736	Tortilla (Zea mays and Olneya tesota)	38	60	9
737	White teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius) 6	31±3	250	10
738	Yellow teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius) 6	29±3	250	8
	LATIN AMERICAN
739	Arepa, corn bread cake, made with corn flour (Mexico)	72	100	31
740	Arepa, made from ordinary dehulled dent corn flour (25% amylose) 9, 34	81	100	35
741	Arepa, made from dehulled high-amylose (70%) corn flour 9, 34	44	100	11
742	Black Beans	30	150	7
743	Brown Beans	38	150	9
744	Corn tortilla (Mexican)	52	50	12
745	Corn tortilla, served with refried mashed pinto beans and tomato sauce (Mexican)	39	100	9
746	Corn tortilla, fried, with mashed potato, fresh tomato and lettuce (Mexican)	78	100	11
747	Nopal (prickly pear cactus)	7	100	0
748	Pinto beans, boiled in salted water	14	150	4
749	Wheat tortilla (Mexican)	30	50	8
750	Wheat tortilla served with refried pinto beans and tomato sauce (Mexican)	28	100	5


Additional Foods:
Sports drinks and energy foods:
GatorLode (Orange)	100
Gatorade (Orange)	89
XLR8 (Orange)	68
Poweraid (Orange)	65
Cytomax (Orange)	62
Allsport (Orange)	53
Cliff bar (Cookies & Cream)	101
Power bar (Chocolate)	83
PR-bar (Cookies 'N Cream)	81
MET-Rx bar (Vanilla)	74
GatorPro (Chocolate) meal	89
Optifuel meal	78
Ensure (Vanilla) meal	75
Boost High Protein (Vanilla) meal	59
MET-Rx (Vanilla) meal	58
Boost (Vanilla) meal	53
Source: Randall J. Gretebeck et al., "Glycemic index of popular sports drinks and energy foods," Journal of the American Dietetic Association, March 2002, pp. 415-417.

Dates:
bahri dates	50
khalas dates	36
bo ma'an dates	31
Source: Campbell J. Miller et al., "Glycemic index of 3 varieties of dates," Saudi Medical Journal, May 2002, pp. 536-538.

New pasta test:
ProtiPasta	28	100	10
Source: Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service

Footnotes:

NS, not specified; type 1 and type 2, subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless specified otherwise.

The published tables show GI values based on glucose=100 or on white bread=100.

Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the reference food by the g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.

Human Nutrition Unit (Sydney University, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2002.

The low GI may be explained by the inclusion of rolled oats in the recipe.

Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.

V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 1996-2000.

GI calculated from the AUC for glucose.

GI calculated by using a mathematical formula based on results from an in vitro starch hydrolysis assay.

Impaired glucose tolerance.

Both the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate.

Both the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrate.

Values based on 0.5 g carbohydrate/kg body wt.

AUC measured over 3 h for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min).

GI corrected for added milk and adjusted to represent a 50-g carbohydrate portion size.

Made from raw oats that were cooked for 20 min.

Used as reference food and given a GI of 100. The GI of the test food was measured by expressing the glucose AUC value for the test food as a percentage of the AUC value for wheat chapatti.

GI calculated from AUC food/AUC glucose formula. The AUC value was calculated over 3 h for 5 time points only.

J Dzieniszewski, J Ciok (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland), unpublished observations, 1996-2001.

J Brand-Miller, S Holt (Sydney University, Australia), and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 2000 and 2001.

M Champ (INRA, France) and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, France), unpublished observations, 1998.

AUC measured over 3 h for only 4 time points (0, 1, 2, and 3 h).

AUC calculated as the area above fasting to 3 h only.

AUC measured over 5 h, but blood samples taken at hourly intervals only.

Potato used as reference food with a GI fixed at 80. The GI of the test food was calculated by expressing the test food's glucose AUC value as a percentage of the potato's AUC value.

White rice was used as the reference food, but glucose was also tested and had a GI of 122. The observed GI was multiplied by 100 and then divided by 122 to convert it to a GI on the glucose scale (ie, glucose = reference food with a GI of 100).

Blood glucose measured at 30-min intervals.

GI for sugars calculated from the glycemic response for a meal of sugar and rolled oats minus the glycemic response for the oats alone.

Both the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate.

Total weight of the test food was 25 g, whereas reference food contained 25 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assumed to be 100% available, which may be an overestimate.

Eaten as part of a mixed meal with fish, tomato, and onion sauce.

AUC measured over 2 h for 4 time points (0, 30, 60, and 120 min).

AUC measured over 4 h for only 6 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min).

Both the test food and the reference food contained 45 g carbohydrate.

Reference food was an ordinary corn flour arepa.

GI Index Listing

Gi Listing

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GI Listing