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Valproic acid

2006-06-21T16:25:00.002-07:00

Valproic acid

General Information and Indications:

Valproic acid is used, alone or with other drugs, to treat certain types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy. It is also used to prevent migraine headaches and to treat various psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and aggression.

Information For Users:

Valproic acid comes as a capsule, extended-release (long-acting) tablet, capsules containing sprinkle medication, and liquid to take by mouth. It is usually taken two or more times daily. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take valproic acid exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Do not chew the regular capsules or extended-release tablets; swallow them whole. Valproic acid has an unpleasant taste and can irritate your mouth and throat. Take with a full glass of water.

The sprinkle capsule may be swallowed whole, or the contents of the capsule may be sprinkled on a teaspoonful of food, such as applesauce or pudding, and swallowed. Do not chew the food containing the particles. Do not store unused food containing sprinkle medication; throw it away and sprinkle a fresh dose when it is time for the next dose.

Continue taking valproic acid even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking valproic acid without informing your doctor, especially if you have taken large doses for a long time. Abruptly stopping the drug can cause seizures. Your doctor probably will decrease your dose gradually.
Other uses for this medicine

Valproic acid may be used to treat other types of seizures in adults and children, incontinence after certain surgical procedures, and certain anxiety disorders. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to valproic acid or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially other seizure medications, anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin), cimetidine (Tagamet), diazepam (Valium), erythromycin, medications for colds or allergies such as chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), medications for depression such as amitriptyline (Elavil), medications for pain such as meperidine (Demerol), muscle relaxants, rifampin (Rifadin), salicylates such as aspirin, sedatives such as phenobarbital, tranquilizers such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), vitamins, and zidovudine (Retrovir). Valproic acid affects the action of other medications, and many medications can affect the action of valproic acid. Inform your doctor and pharmacist everything you are taking.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding liver disease or a blood disorder.
o Inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking valproic acid.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of valproic acid are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if this symptom is severe or does not go away:

o drowsiness
o headache
o indigestion

If you experience any of the following symptoms or those listed in the CAUTION section, call your doctor without delay:

o skin rash
o easy bruising
o tiny purple-colored skin spots
o bloody nose
o unusual bleeding
o dark urine
o fever
o sore throat

Brand Name(s):

o Depacon®
o Depakene®
o Depakene® Syrup
o Depakote®
o Depakote® ER
o Depakote® Sprinkle

Other Name(s):

o Divalproex Sodium

Valacyclovir

2006-06-21T16:25:00.001-07:00

Valacyclovir

General Information and Indications:

Valacyclovir is used to treat herpes zoster (shingles) and genital herpes. It does not cure herpes infections but decreases pain and itching, helps sores to heal, and prevents new ones from forming.

Information For Users:

Valacyclovir comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken every 8 hours (three times a day) for 7 days to treat shingles. To treat genital herpes it is usually taken twice a day for 5 days. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take valacyclovir exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider. Use this medication as soon as possible after symptoms appear.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir, or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially cimetidine (Tagamet), probenecid (Benemid), and vitamins.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding kidney or liver disease, problems with your immune system, human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking valacyclovir, call your doctor.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of valacyclovir are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o headache
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o diarrhea or loose stools
o constipation

If you experience any of the following side effects, call your doctor without delay:

o rash
o itching
o confusion
o yellowness of the skin or eyes
o fever
o blood in the urine

Brand Name(s):

o Valtrex® Caplets

Triamcinolone

2006-06-21T16:25:00.000-07:00

Triamcinolone

General Information and Indications:

Triamcinolone is used to treat the itching, redness, dryness, crusting, scaling, inflammation, and discomfort of various skin conditions. It is also used to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores.

Information For Users:

Triamcinolone comes in ointment, cream, lotion, liquid, and aerosol (spray) in various strengths for use on the skin and as a paste for use in the mouth. It usually is applied two to four times a day. For mouth sores, it is applied at bedtime and, if necessary, two or three times daily, preferably after meals. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Use triamcinolone exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Do not apply it to other areas of your body or wrap or bandage the treated area unless directed to do so by your doctor.

Wash or soak the affected area thoroughly before applying the medicine, unless it irritates your skin. Apply the ointment, cream, liquid, or lotion sparingly in a thin film and rub it in gently.

To use the lotion or liquid on your scalp, part your hair, apply a small amount of the medicine on the affected area, and rub it in gently. Protect the area from washing and rubbing until the lotion or liquid dries. You may wash your hair as usual but not right after applying the medicine.

To apply an aerosol, shake well and spray on the affected area holding the container about 3 to 6 inches away. Spray for about 2 seconds to cover an area the size of your hand. Take care not to inhale the vapors. If you are spraying near your face, cover your eyes.

To apply the paste, press a small amount on the mouth sore without rubbing until a thin film develops. You may need to use more paste if the mouth sore is large. If the mouth sore does not begin to heal within 7 days, call your doctor.

Avoid prolonged use on the face, in the genital or rectal areas, and in skin creases and armpits unless directed to do so by your doctor.

If you are using triamcinolone on your face, keep it out of your eyes.

Do not apply cosmetics or other skin preparations on the treated area without talking with your doctor.

If you are using triamcinolone on a child's diaper area, do not use tight-fitting diapers or plastic pants. Such use may increase side effects.

If your doctor tells you to wrap or bandage the treated area, follow these instructions:

o Soak the area in water or wash it well.
o While the skin is moist, gently rub the medication into the affected areas.
o Cover the area with plastic wrap (such as Saran Wrap or Handi-Wrap). The plastic may be held in place with a gauze or elastic bandage or adhesive tape on the normal skin beside the treated area. (Instead of using plastic wrap, plastic gloves may be used for the hands, plastic bags for the feet, or a shower cap for the scalp.)
o Carefully seal the edges of the plastic to make sure the wrap adheres closely to the skin. If the affected area is moist, you can leave the edges of the plastic wrap partly unsealed or puncture the wrap to allow excess moisture to escape.
o Leave the plastic wrap in place as long as directed by your doctor. Usually plastic wraps are left in place no more than 12 hours each day.
o Cleanse the skin and reapply the medication each time a new plastic wrapping is applied. Do not discontinue treatment abruptly without informing your doctor.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to triamcinolone or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially cancer chemotherapy agents, other topical medications, and vitamins.
o Inform your doctor if you have an infection or if you have ever had diabetes, glaucoma, cataracts, a circulation disorder, or an immune disorder.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while using triamcinolone, call your doctor without delay.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Although the side effects from triamcinolone are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o cracking or drying of the skin
o acne
o itching
o burning
o skin color changes

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o severe skin rash
o difficulty swallowing or breathing
o wheezing
o skin infection (redness, swelling, or oozing of pus)

Brand Name(s):

o Aristocort®
o Aristocort® A
o Flutex®
o Kenalog®
o Kenalog® in Orabase®
o Kenalog® Spray
o Triacet®

Other Name(s):

o Myco® II containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o Mycogen® II containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o Mycolog® II containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o Mycolog®-II containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o Myco-Triacet® II containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o Mytrex® containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o N.T.A.® Cream containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o N.T.A.® Ointment containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o NGT® containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin
o Tri-Statin® II containing Triamcinolone Acetonide and Nystatin

Topiramate

2006-06-21T16:24:00.002-07:00

Topiramate

General Information and Indications:

Topiramate is used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures in patients with epilepsy or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a disorder that causes seizures and developmental delays). Topiramate is used to treat patients who continue to have seizures even when they take other anti-seizure medications. Topiramate is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. It works by decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain.

Information For Users:

Topiramate comes as a tablet and a sprinkle capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken with or without food twice a day in the morning and evening. Take topiramate at around the same times every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take topiramate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Topiramate tablets have a bitter taste and lose their effectiveness quickly when broken, so you should swallow them whole. Do not split, chew, or crush them.

Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of topiramate and slowly increase your dose, not more than once every week.

Topiramate may control your seizures but will not cure your condition. Continue taking topiramate even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking topiramate without informing your doctor. If you suddenly stop taking topiramate, you may have severe seizures. Your doctor will probably decrease your dose gradually.

The sprinkle capsules may be swallowed whole or opened and poured over food. To take the sprinkle capsule with food, follow these steps:

o Prepare a teaspoonful of soft food such as applesauce, custard, ice cream, oatmeal, pudding, or yogurt.
o Hold the capsule upright over the food. You should be able to read the word 'TOP' on the capsule.
o Twist off the clear part of the capsule and pour the entire contents onto the spoonful of food.
o Swallow the entire mixture immediately without chewing.
o Have a drink to wash down the mixture and to be sure that you swallow all of it.

Topiramate is also sometimes used to treat cluster headaches and infantile spasms (a condition that causes uncontrolled stiffening of the body in babies). Talk to your doctor about the risks of using this medication for your condition.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to topiramate or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: acetazolamide (Diamox); antidepressants; antihistamines; cholestyramine (Questran); dichlorphenamide (Daranide); digoxin (Lanoxin, Digitek); ipratropium (Atrovent); iron; isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid); medications for irritable bowel disease, mental illness, motion sickness, Parkinson's disease, ulcers, or urinary problems; metformin (Glucophage); methazolamide; oral contraceptives (birth control pills); other medications for seizures such as carbamazepine (Tegretol), and phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); salicylate pain relievers such as aspirin, choline magnesium trisalicylate (Trisalate), choline salicylate (Arthropan), diflunisal (Dolobid), magnesium salicylate (Doan's, others), and salsalate (Argesic, Disalcid, Salgesic); sedatives; sleeping pills; tranquilizers; valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote); and zonisamide (Zonegran). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o Inform your doctor if you or any family members have or have ever had kidney stones, if you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alchohol, and if you have or have ever had diabetes; glaucoma (a type of eye disease); nearsightedness; any disease that affects your breathing such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); or liver or kidney disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking topiramate, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking topiramate.
o you should know that topiramate may make you drowsy, dizzy, confused, or unable to concentrate. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
o ask your doctor about the safe use of alcoholic beverages while you are taking topiramate. Alcohol can cause seizures or make seizures worse.
o if you are taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills), Inform your doctor if unexpected bleeding or spotting occurs. Topiramate can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
o you should know that topiramate can prevent you from sweating and make it harder for your body to cool down when it gets very hot. This happens most often in warm weather and to children who take topiramate. Avoid exposure to heat, drink plenty of fluids and Inform your doctor if you have a fever, headache, muscle cramps, an upset stomach, or are not sweating as usual.
o you should know that you may be more likely to develop a kidney stone while you are taking topiramate. Drink 6–8 glasses of water every day to prevent kidney stones from forming.

Talk to your doctor about increasing the amount of food you eat if you lose weight while you are taking topiramate.

Talk to your doctor before changing your diet or beginning any type of weight loss program. Do not follow a ketogenic diet (a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet used to control seizures) or any other high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, such as the Atkin's diet, while taking this medication.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Topiramate can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially in children. Eat or drink a food or beverage with sugar in it, such as hard candy or fruit juice, and call your doctor without delay if you have any of the symptoms of hypoglycemia:

o shakiness
o lightheadedness or dizziness
o sweating
o confusion
o nervousness or irritability
o sudden changes in behavior or mood
o headache
o numbness or tingling around the mouth
o weakness
o pale skin
o sudden hunger
o clumsy or jerky movements
o seizures

Topiramate may have other adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o slow thinking or movements
o difficulty concentrating
o speech problems, especially difficulty thinking of specific words
o memory problems
o lack of coordination
o trouble walking
o confusion
o nervousness
o aggressive behavior
o irritability
o mood swings
o depression
o headache
o extreme tiredness
o drowsiness
o weakness
o extreme thirst
o weight loss
o constipation
o diarrhea
o gas
o heartburn
o change in ability to taste food
o swelling of the tongue
o overgrowth of the gums
o dry mouth
o increased saliva
o trouble swallowing
o nosebleed (epistaxis)
o teary or dry eyes
o back, muscle, or bone pain
o missed menstrual periods
o excessive menstrual bleeding
o skin problems or changes in skin color
o dandruff
o hair loss
o growth of hair in unusual places
o runny nose
o difficulty falling or staying asleep

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o blurred vision (Impaired vision)
o eye pain
o double vision (diplopia)
o tingling in fingers or toes
o hand tremor, shaking hands
o restlessness, inability to sit still
o crossed eyes
o worsening of seizures
o slow heart rate
o pounding or irregular heartbeat
o chest pain
o problem with breathing
o fast, shallow breathing
o inability to respond to things around you
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o stomach pain
o loss of appetite (anorexia)
o excessive hunger
o unintentional loss of urine
o difficult or painful urination
o unusual bruising or bleeding
o sore throat, fever, chills, and other signs of infection
o muscle weakness
o bone pain

Topiramate may cause osteoporosis (a condition in which bones can break more easily) in adults and rickets (abnormal, curved bone growth) in children. Topiramate may also slow the growth of children. These conditions can be caught early and prevented through regular laboratory tests. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking topiramate.

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o seizures
o drowsiness
o speech problems
o blurred vision (Impaired vision)
o double vision (diplopia)
o trouble thinking
o tiredness
o loss of coordination
o loss of consciousness
o coma
o fainting
o dizziness
o stomach pain
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o excessive hunger
o agitation
o depression
o shortness of breath
o confusion
o loss of appetite (anorexia)
o pounding or irregular heartbeat
o fast, shallow breathing
o inability to respond to things around you
o muscle weakness
o bone pain

Brand Name(s):

o Topamax®

Tolterodine

2006-06-21T16:24:00.001-07:00

Tolterodine

General Information and Indications:

Tolterodine is used to relieve urinary difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination. Tolterodine is in a class of medications called antimuscarinics. It works by preventing bladder contraction.

Information For Users:

Tolterodine comes as a tablet and an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take by mouth. The tablet is usually taken twice a day. The extended-release capsule is usually taken once a day with liquids. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take tolterodine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Swallow the extended-release capsules whole; do not split, chew, or crush them.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to tolterodine or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially clarithromycin (Biaxin), erythromycin (E-mycin, Ery-Tab, others), fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), medications for glaucoma, and vitamins.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding kidney or liver disease, glaucoma, or an obstructive gastrointestinal disease, such as pyloric stenosis.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking tolterodine, call your doctor.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of tolterodine are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o dry mouth
o blurred vision (Impaired vision)
o upset stomach
o headache
o constipation
o dry eyes
o dizziness

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o difficulty in urination
o rash
o chest pain

Brand Name(s):

o Detrol®
o Detrol® LA

Tizanidine

2006-06-21T16:24:00.000-07:00

Tizanidine

General Information and Indications:

Tizanidine, a muscle relaxant, is used to help relax certain muscles in your body. It relieves the spasms and increased muscle tone caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis or spinal injury.

Information For Users:

Tizanidine comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken two or three times a day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take tizanidine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to tizanidine or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, including other medications that cause drowsiness, medications for high blood pressure, oral contraceptives, and vitamins.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding kidney or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking tizanidine, call your doctor without delay.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking tizanidine.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Side effects from tizanidine can occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o dizziness
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o tingling sensation in the arms, legs, hands, and feet
o dry mouth
o increased muscle spasms

If you experience either of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o unexplained flu-like symptoms

Brand Name(s):

o Zanaflex®

Terazosin

2006-06-21T16:23:00.002-07:00

Terazosin

General Information and Indications:

Terazosin is used to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH), which include difficulty in urination (hesitation, dribbling, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying), painful urination, and urinary frequency and urgency. It also is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Terazosin is in a class of medications called alpha-blockers. It relieves the symptoms of BPH by relaxing the muscles of the bladder and prostate. It lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body.

Information For Users:

Terazosin comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken with or without food once a day at bedtime or twice a day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take terazosin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Your doctor will start you on a low dose of terazosin and slowly increase your dose. If you stop taking terazosin for a few days or longer, your doctor will have to start you again on the lowest dose and slowly increase your dose.

Terazosin controls high blood pressure and the symptoms of BPH but does not cure them. It may take 4 to 6 weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of terazosin for BPH. Continue taking terazosin even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking terazosin without informing your doctor.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to terazosin or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: other medications for high blood pressure, especially verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking terazosin, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking terazosin.
o you should know that terazosin may make you drowsy or dizzy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery for 12 hours after the first time you take terazosin or after your dose is increased.
o you should know that terazosin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when you get up too quickly from a lying position. This is more common when you first start taking terazosin and when your dose is increased. To avoid this problem, get out of bed slowly, resting your feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up. If you experience these symptoms, sit or lie down.

Your doctor may prescribe a low-salt or low-sodium diet. Follow these directions carefully.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Terazosin may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o dizziness
o lightheadedness
o weakness
o tiredness
o drowsiness
o stuffy nose
o back pain
o upset stomach
o decreased sexual ability (Impotence)
o blurred vision (Impaired vision)
o swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
o pain, burning, or tingling in the hands or feet

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o rapid, pounding, or irregular heartbeat
o fainting
o painful erection of the penis that lasts for hours

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o dizziness
o lightheadedness
o fainting

Brand Name(s):

o Hytrin®

Temazepam

2006-06-21T16:23:00.001-07:00

Temazepam

General Information and Indications:

Temazepam is used on a short-term basis to help you fall asleep and stay asleep through the night.

Information For Users:

Temazepam comes as a capsule to take by mouth and may be taken with or without food. It is usually taken before bedtime when needed. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take temazepam exactly as directed.

Temazepam can be habit-forming. Do not take a larger dose, take it more often, or for a longer period than your doctor tells you to. Tolerance may develop with long-term or excessive use, making the drug less effective. Do not take temazepam for more than 5 weeks or stop taking this medication without informing your doctor. Stopping the drug suddenly can cause withdrawal symptoms (anxiousness, sleeplessness, and irritability). Your doctor probably will decrease your dose gradually. You may experience sleeping difficulties the first one or two nights after stopping this medication. If your sleep problems continue, talk to your doctor, who will determine whether this drug is right for you.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to temazepam, alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Librax), clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam (Valium), estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), lorazepam (Ativan), oxazepam (Serax), prazepam (Centrax), triazolam (Halcion), or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially antihistamines; cimetidine (Tagamet); digoxin (Lanoxin); disulfiram (Antabuse); isoniazid (INH, Laniazid, Nydrazid); medications for depression, seizures, Parkinson's disease, pain, asthma, colds, or allergies; muscle relaxants; oral contraceptives; probenecid (Benemid); rifampin (Rifadin); sedatives; sleeping pills; theophylline (Theo-Dur); tranquilizers; and vitamins. These medications may add to the drowsiness caused by temazepam.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding glaucoma; seizures; or lung, heart, or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking temazepam, call your doctor without delay.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking temazepam.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.
o Inform your doctor if you use tobacco products. Cigarette smoking may decrease the effectiveness of this drug.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Side effects from temazepam are common and include:

o headache
o heartburn
o diarrhea
o hangover effect (grogginess)
o drowsiness
o lightheadedness or dizziness
o weakness
o dry mouth

Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o constipation
o difficulty in urination
o frequent urination
o blurred vision (Impaired vision)

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o jaw, neck, and back muscle spasms
o slow or difficult speech
o persistent, fine tremor or inability to sit still
o fever
o difficulty swallowing or breathing
o severe skin rash
o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o irregular heartbeat

Brand Name(s):

o Restoril®

Sumatriptan

2006-06-21T16:23:00.000-07:00

Sumatriptan

General Information and Indications:

Sumatriptan is used to relieve migraine headache symptoms. However, it will not prevent migraine headaches or reduce the number of attacks you have.

Information For Users:

Sumatriptan comes as a tablet to take by mouth and a nasal spray. It should be used at the first sign of a migraine headache. If you are at risk for heart disease and you have never taken sumatriptan before, you may need to take the first dose in your doctor's office. Usually only one dose is needed. If pain is not relieved with the first dose, your doctor may prescribe a second dose to be taken after at least 2 hours. Do not take more than 200mg of the tablets or 40 mg of the nasal spray in any 24-hour period. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take sumatriptan exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Take the tablet with plenty of water or other fluids.

To use the nasal spray, follow the package directions or ask or your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to sumatriptan or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), and vitamins. If you have taken an MAO inhibitor [phenelzine (Nardil) or tranylcypromine (Parnate)] during the past 2 weeks, do not take sumatriptan. If you have taken another medication for migraine headaches such as dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), methysergide (Sansert), naratriptan (Amerge), rizatriptan (Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT), or zolmitriptan (Zomig) during the past 24 hours, do not take sumatriptan.
o Inform your doctor if you smoke, if you have a strong family history of heart disease, if you are postmenopausal, or if you are a man over 40. Also inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding high blood pressure; angina (recurring chest pain); a heart attack; diabetes; high cholesterol; obesity; stroke; transient ischemic attack (mini-stroke); ischemic bowel disease; coronary artery disease; seizures; or blood vessel, kidney, or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking sumatriptan, call your doctor.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of sumatriptan are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o flushing
o tingling feeling
o feeling of warmth or heaviness
o drowsiness
o dizziness
o upset stomach
o diarrhea
o vomiting
o irritation of the nose
o muscle cramps

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o pain or tightness in chest or throat
o sudden or severe stomach pain
o fast heartbeat
o difficulty breathing
o wheezing
o redness, swelling, or itching of the eyelids, face, or lips
o skin rash, lumps, or hives (Urticaria)
o change in vision

Brand Name(s):

o Imitrex®

Spironolactone

2006-06-21T16:22:00.002-07:00

Spironolactone

General Information and Indications:

Spironolactone, a 'water pill,' is used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention caused by various conditions, including heart disease. It causes the kidneys to eliminate unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine. Spironolactone is also used to treat certain patients with hyperaldosteronism and in certain patients with low potassium levels.

Information For Users:

Spironolactone comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day in the morning with breakfast or twice a day with breakfast and lunch. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take spironolactone exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Spironolactone controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. Continue taking spironolactone even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking spironolactone without informing your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine

Spironolactone also is used in combination with other medicines to treat precocious puberty or myasthenia gravis. Spironolactone also may be used to treat certain female patients with abnormal facial hair. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medicine for your condition.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to spironolactone, sulfa drugs, or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially aspirin; captopril (Capoten); digoxin (Lanoxin); enalapril (Vasotec); lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril); lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid); medications for arthritis, diabetes, or high blood pressure; potassium supplements; and vitamins. Do not take this medicine if you are taking amiloride or triamterene.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding diabetes, gout, or kidney or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking spironolactone, call your doctor without delay.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking spironolactone.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.

Follow your doctor's recommendations for a low-salt or low-sodium diet and daily exercise program. Avoid potassium-containing salt substitutes. Limit your intake of potassium-rich foods (e.g., bananas, prunes, raisins, and orange juice). Ask your doctor for advice on how much of these foods you may have.
What should I do if I forget a dose?

Take the missed dose at the earliest possible moment. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of spironolactone are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o upset stomach
o vomiting
o diarrhea
o stomach pain
o frequent urination
o dizziness
o headache
o enlarged or painful breasts
o irregular menstrual periods
o drowsiness

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o muscle weakness or cramps
o rapid severe weight loss
o fatigue
o slow or irregular heartbeat
o sore throat
o unusual bruising or bleeding
o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o skin rash
o vomiting blood
o fever
o confusion

Brand Name(s):

o Aldactazide®
o Aldactone®

Selegiline

2006-06-21T16:22:00.001-07:00

Selegiline

General Information and Indications:

Selegiline is used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. You may take it in combination with another medication.

Information For Users:

Selegiline comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken twice a day. Selegiline may be taken for a long time to treat Parkinson's disease. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take selegiline exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Do not discontinue taking selegiline suddenly without talking with your doctor. Sudden stoppage can cause symptoms of Parkinson's disease to return.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to selegiline, aspirin, tartrazine (a yellow dye in some processed foods and drugs), or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially fluoxetine (Prozac), meperidine (Demerol), and vitamins.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding blood vessel, heart, kidney, liver, or lung disease; glaucoma; skin cancer; hormone problems; asthma; emphysema; mental illness; diabetes; ulcers; heart attacks; irregular heartbeat; or seizures.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking selegiline, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking selegiline.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.
o plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Selegiline may make your skin sensitive to sunlight.

Do not eat the following foods while taking selegiline and for 2 weeks after you stop taking it: pickled herring, liver, dried sausage, salami, meats prepared with tenderizer, sauerkraut, fish, poultry, yogurt, sour cream, aged cheeses (except cream or cottage cheese), beer, red wine, sherry, avocados, bananas, figs, raisins, broad beans, yeast extract, and soy sauce. Do not consume large amounts of chocolate, coffee, tea, or colas that contain caffeine.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Side effects from selegiline are common. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o dizziness
o dry mouth
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o loss of appetite (anorexia)
o heartburn
o constipation

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o severe headache
o chest pain
o fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat
o tremors
o confusion
o involuntary movements of hands or face
o nightmares
o difficulty breathing
o difficulty in urination

Brand Name(s):

o Atapryl®
o Carbex®
o Eldepryl®
o Selpak®

Rosuvastatin

2006-06-21T16:22:00.000-07:00

Rosuvastatin

General Information and Indications:

Rosuvastatin is used with diet changes (restriction of cholesterol and fat intake) to reduce the amount of cholesterol and certain fatty substances in your blood. Accumulation of cholesterol and fats along the walls of your arteries (a process known as atherosclerosis) decreases blood flow and, therefore, the oxygen supply to your heart, brain, and other parts of your body. Lowering your blood level of cholesterol and fats may help to prevent heart disease, angina (chest pain), strokes, and heart attacks. Rosuvastatin is in a class of medications called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). It works by preventing the body from forming harmful cholesterol and increasing the amount of HDL ('good cholesterol') in your blood.

Information For Users:

Rosuvastatin comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Take rosuvastatin at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take rosuvastatin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of rosuvastatin and slowly increase your dose.

Rosuvastatin controls high cholesterol but does not cure it. It may take 4 weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of rosuvastatin. Continue taking rosuvastatin even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking rosuvastatin without informing your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to rosuvastatin or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin); cimetidine (Tagamet); cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); ketoconazole (Nizoral); other medications for high cholesterol such as clofibrate (Atromid-S), fenofibrate (Tricor), gemfibrozil (Lopid), and niacin (Niaspan, Niacor); and spironolactone (Aldactone). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o if you are taking antacids, take them at least 2 hours after rosuvastatin.
o Inform your doctor if you drink large amounts of alcohol, if you have a family history of high cholesterol, and if you have or have ever had diabetes; seizures; a severe infection; a heart attack; a stroke; low blood pressure; or liver, kidney, or thyroid disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking rosuvastatin, call your doctor without delay. Do not breastfeed while taking rosuvastatin.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking rosuvastatin.
o ask your doctor about the safe use of alcoholic beverages while you are taking rosuvastatin. Alcohol can increase the risk that you will experience serious side effects.
o talk to your doctor about an exercise program that is right for you. Regular exercise will increase the effect of rosuvastatin.

Eat a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet. This kind of diet includes cottage cheese, fat-free milk, fish (not canned in oil), vegetables, poultry, egg whites, and polyunsaturated oils and margarines (corn, safflower, canola, and soybean oils). Avoid foods with excess fat in them such as meat (especially liver and fatty meat), egg yolks, whole milk, cream, butter, shortening, lard, pastries, cakes, cookies, gravy, peanut butter, chocolate, olives, potato chips, coconut, cheese (other than cottage cheese), coconut oil, palm oil, and fried foods.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Rosuvastatin may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o constipation
o stomach pain
o heartburn
o diarrhea
o headache
o dizziness
o difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
o depression
o back pain
o joint pain or weakness
o cough

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness
o joint pain
o weakness
o fever
o dark urine
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o sore throat, chills, or other signs of infection
o flu-like symptoms
o rash
o swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
o chest pain
o pain in upper right part of stomach
o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o dark urine
o numbness or tingling in fingers or toes
o painful or difficult urination
o sinus infection

Cholesterol-lowering medications (statins) such as rosuvastatin may cause muscle injury. In rare cases, these medications may also cause serious or life threatening damage to the kidneys and other organs. Talk to your doctor about the risks of using rosuvastatin.

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o muscle pain or weakness
o fever
o extreme tiredness

Brand Name(s):

o Crestor®

Raloxifene

2006-06-21T16:21:00.002-07:00

Raloxifene

General Information and Indications:

Raloxifene is used to prevent and treat osteoporosis, a disease common in women past menopause, which results in bones that break easily. Raloxifene is in a class of medications called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). It works by acting similar to estrogen, a female hormone produced by the body. Like estrogen, raloxifene increases the density of bone.

Information For Users:

Raloxifene comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day at any time, with or without food. To help you remember to take raloxifene, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take raloxifene exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Continue taking raloxifene even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking raloxifene without informing your doctor.

Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer's information for the patient.
Other uses for this medicine

This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. There is interest in possible beneficial effects of raloxifene on breast cancer risk in women.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to raloxifene or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin), cholestyramine (Questran) or colestipol (Colestid), diazepam (Valium, Valrelease, Zetran), diazoxide (Proglycem), and estrogen or hormone replacement therapy (ERT or HRT). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o Inform your doctor if you have cancer and if you have or have ever had breast lumps or cancer, high blood cholesterol or triglycerides, blood clots (e.g., in the legs, lung, or eye), phlebitis in the leg, heart failure, or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking raloxifene, call your doctor without delay. Raloxifene may harm the fetus.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking raloxifene.
o you should know that raloxifene increases the risk of blood clots. Because being inactive also increases the risk of blood clots, you should stop taking raloxifene 72 hours before a long period of lying down (for example, when recovering from surgery or when on bedrest). Resume taking raloxifene once you become active again. During long trips, make sure to get up and walk around every once in a while.
o you should know that raloxifene has not been found to cause spotting or menstrual-like bleeding nor to increase the risk of cancer of the uterine lining. However, Inform your doctor if you develop unexplained vaginal bleeding or spotting.
o you should know that raloxifene has not been found to cause breast tenderness or swelling nor to increase the risk of breast cancer. However, Inform your doctor if you notice any changes in your breasts.

Follow all dietary and exercise recommendations, including those regarding calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Raloxifene may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o hot flashes (more common in the first 6 months of raloxifene therapy)
o leg cramps
o swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o sudden chest pain or chest heaviness
o difficulty breathing or coughing up blood
o pain, swelling, or warmth in the calves, legs, hands, or feet
o sudden change in your vision such as vision loss or blurring

Brand Name(s):

o Evista®

Other Name(s):

o Keoxifene

Quinine

2006-06-21T16:21:00.001-07:00

Quinine

General Information and Indications:

Quinine is used to prevent and treat malaria.

Information For Users:

Quinine comes in capsules and tablets to take by mouth. It is usually taken three times a day (every 8 hours) for 3 days for malaria attacks, twice a day for 6 weeks to prevent or suppress malaria, and at bedtime for leg cramps. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take quinine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Since quinine is very bitter, do not chew tablets before swallowing them.
Other uses for this medicine

Quinine is also used to treat nighttime leg muscle cramps. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to quinine, quinidine, or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially acetazolamide, antacids, anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin), cimetidine (Tagamet), digitoxin, digoxin (Lanoxin), quinidine, and vitamins. Do not take antacids that contain aluminum (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) or sodium bicarbonate without informing your doctor. Also, avoid tonic water and nonprescription cold preparations that contain quinine.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding G-6-PD deficiency (an inherited blood disease), ringing ears, eye problems, or blackwater fever.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking quinine, call your doctor without delay.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking quinine.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of quinine are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o stomach pain
o vomiting
o stomach upset
o dizziness
o headache
o sweating
o restlessness
o confusion
o apprehension

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o skin rash
o difficulty breathing
o swelling of the face
o fever
o vision problems or changes
o difficulty hearing or ringing in the ears
o faintness
o easy bruising
o unusual bleeding
o sore throat
o fast heartbeat
o chest pain

Brand Name(s):

o Quinamm®
o Quiphile®

Propranolol

2006-06-21T16:21:00.000-07:00

Propranolol

General Information and Indications:

Propranolol is used to treat high blood pressure. It is also used to prevent angina (chest pain) and heart attacks. It works by relaxing your blood vessels so your heart doesn't have to pump as hard. Propranolol is also used to treat abnormal heart rhythms.

Propranolol is also used to prevent migraine headaches and tremors.

Information For Users:

Propranolol comes as a tablet or capsule to take by mouth. It also comes as a solution or concentrate. The extended-release (long-acting) product usually is taken once a day. Immediate-acting propranolol may be taken two, three, or four times a day. The number of doses depends on why it is being taken.

Do not cut, crush, or chew extended-release tablets; swallow them whole. Dilute the concentrated oral liquid with water, juice, or soft drinks, or mix it with applesauce or pudding just before taking it.

Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take propranolol exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Propranolol helps control your condition but will not cure it. Continue taking propranolol even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking propranolol without informing your doctor.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to propranolol or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially cimetidine (Tagamet); medications for migraine headaches, asthma, allergies, colds, or pain; other medications for heart disease or high blood pressure; reserpine; and vitamins.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding asthma or other lung disease; heart, liver, or kidney disease; diabetes; severe allergies; or thyroid problems.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking propranolol, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking propranolol.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.

Talk to your doctor before using salt substitutes containing potassium. If your doctor prescribes a low-salt or low-sodium diet, follow these directions carefully.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of propranolol are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o lightheadedness or dizziness
o difficulty sleeping
o extreme tiredness (fatigue)
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o rash
o diarrhea
o constipation

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o difficulty breathing
o sore throat
o unusual bleeding
o swelling of the feet or hands
o unusual weight gain
o chest pain
o slow, irregular heartbeat

Brand Name(s):

o Inderal®
o Inderal® LA
o Inderide®
o Innopran® XL

Polyethylene glycol 3350

2006-06-21T16:20:00.002-07:00

Polyethylene glycol 3350

General Information and Indications:

Polyethylene glycol 3350 is used to treat occasional constipation. Polyethylene glycol 3350 is in a class of medications called osmotic laxatives. It works by causing water to be retained with the stool. This increases the number of bowel movements and softens the stool so it is easier to pass.

Information For Users:

Polyethylene glycol 3350 comes as a powder to be mixed with a liquid and taken by mouth. It is usually taken once a day as needed for up to 2 weeks. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take polyethylene glycol 3350 exactly as directed.

Polyethylene glycol 3350 may be habit-forming. Do not take a larger dose, take it more often, or take it for a longer period of time than your doctor tells you to.

It may take 2 to 4 days for polyethylene glycol 3350 to produce a bowel movement.

To use the powder, follow these steps:

o If you are using polyethylene glycol 3350 from a bottle, use the measuring line on the bottle cap to measure a single dose (about 1 heaping tablespoon). If you are using polyethylene glycol 3350 packets, each packet contains a single dose.
o Pour the powder into a cup containing 8 ounces of water, juice, soda, coffee, or tea.
o Stir to dissolve the powder.
o Drink immediately.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to polyethylene glycol or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding a bowel obstruction (blockage in the intestine) and if you have symptoms of bowel obstruction (upset stomach, vomiting, and stomach pain or bloating).
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking polyethylene glycol 3350, call your doctor.

Eat a well-balanced diet that includes fiber-rich foods, such as unprocessed bran, whole-grain bread, and fresh fruits and vegetables. Drink plenty of fluids and exercise regularly.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Polyethylene glycol 3350 may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o upset stomach
o bloating
o cramping
o gas

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience either of them, call your doctor without delay:

o diarrhea
o hives (Urticaria)

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o diarrhea
o thirst
o confusion
o seizure

Brand Name(s):

o MiraLax®

Other Name(s):

o PEG 3350

Pimecrolimus

2006-06-21T16:20:00.001-07:00

Pimecrolimus

General Information and Indications:

Pimecrolimus is used to control the symptoms of atopic dermatitis (a skin disease that is also called eczema). Pimecrolimus is only used to treat patients who cannot take other medications for atopic dermatitis, or whose symptoms were not controlled by other medications. Pimecrolimus is in a class of medications called immunosuppressants. It works by stopping the immune system from producing substances that cause eczema.

Information For Users:

Pimecrolimus comes as a cream to apply to the skin. It is usually applied twice a day for up to 6 weeks at a time. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Apply pimecrolimus cream exactly as directed. Do not apply more or less of it or apply it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

You should not use pimecrolimus cream regularly for a long time. You should only apply pimecrolimus cream when you have symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Call your doctor when your symptoms go away to find out if you should stop using pimecrolimus. Also call your doctor as soon as you notice that your symptoms have come back to find out if you should start using pimecrolimus again.

It may take 2 weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of pimecrolimus, but your symptoms should improve within 6 weeks. Call your doctor if your symptoms worsen at any time during treatment or do not improve after 6 weeks of treatment.

To use the cream, follow these steps:

o Wash your hands with soap and water.
o Apply a thin layer of pimecrolimus cream to all affected areas of your skin. You can apply pimecrolimus to all affected skin surfaces including your head, face, and neck. Be careful not to get the cream in your eyes or mouth.
o Rub the cream into your skin gently and completely.
o Wash your hands with soap and water to remove any leftover pimecrolimus cream. Do not wash your hands if you are treating them with pimecrolimus cream.
o You may cover the treated areas with normal clothes, but do not use any bandages, dressings, or wraps.
o Be careful not to wash the cream off affected areas of your skin. Do not swim, shower, or bathe immediately after applying pimecrolimus cream.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to pimecrolimus or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), and ketoconazole (Nizoral); calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, others), and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan); cimetidine (Tagamet); clarithromycin (Biaxin); cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); danazol (Danocrine); delavirdine (Rescriptor); erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin, Erythrocin); fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem); fluvoxamine (Luvox); HIV protease inhibitors such as indinavir (Crixivan), and ritonavir (Norvir); isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid); metronidazole (Flagyl); nefazodone (Serzone); oral contraceptives (birth control pills); other ointments, creams, or lotions; troleandomycin (TAO); and zafirlukast (Accolate). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding any disease that affects your immune system such as cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID); Netherton's syndrome (a type of skin disease), or any type of skin infection, especially chicken pox, shingles, herpes, or eczema herpeticum. Also Inform your doctor if you are being treated with any form of light therapy such as phototherapy, UVA, or UVB.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking pimecrolimus, call your doctor.
o plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Also avoid exposure to artificial sunlight such as tanning beds. Pimecrolimus cream may increase the risk that you will develop skin cancer if your skin is exposed to sunlight.
o avoid exposure to chicken pox, shingles and other viruses. If you are exposed to one of these diseases while using pimecrolimus, call your doctor without delay.
o you should know that good skin care and moisturizers may help relieve your symptoms. Talk to your doctor about the moisturizers you should use, and always apply them after applying pimecrolimus cream.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Pimecrolimus may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o burning warmth, or redness in the areas where you applied pimecrolimus (call your doctor if this lasts more than 1 week)
o headache
o cough
o red, stuffy or runny nose

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o sore or red throat
o fever
o flu-like symptoms
o ear pain, discharge, and other signs of infection
o warts, bumps, or other growths on skin
o swollen glands in the neck

Some patients developed skin cancer or lymph node cancer while they were using pimecrolimus cream. It is not known if pimecrolimus cream caused the cancer to develop or if the patients would have developed cancer even if they had not used the medication. Talk to your doctor about the risks of using pimecrolimus cream.

Brand Name(s):

o Elidel®

Phenytoin

2006-06-21T16:20:00.000-07:00

Phenytoin

General Information and Indications:

Phenytoin is used to treat various types of convulsions and seizures. Phenytoin acts on the brain and nervous system in the treatment of epilepsy.

Information For Users:

Phenytoin comes as a capsule, extended-release (long-acting) capsule, chewable tablet, and liquid to take by mouth. It is usually taken two or three times a day. However, the extended-release capsules may be taken only once a day, usually at bedtime. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take phenytoin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Shake the liquid well before each use.

Do not open, crush, or chew the extended-release capsules; swallow them whole.

Continue taking phenytoin even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking phenytoin without informing your doctor, especially if you have taken large doses for a long time. Abruptly stopping the drug can cause seizures. Your doctor probably will decrease your dose gradually.
Other uses for this medicine

Phenytoin is also used to control arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) and to treat migraine headaches and facial nerve pain.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to phenytoin or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially other seizure medications, acetaminophen (Tylenol), antacids such as Mylanta or Maalox, anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin), chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin), cimetidine (Tagamet), disopyramide (Norpace), doxycycline (Vibramycin), fluconazole (Diflucan), heart medications such as digoxin, ibuprofen (Advil), isoniazid (INH), lithium, medications for anxiety such as diazepam (Valium), medications for colds or allergies such as chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), medications for depression such as amitriptyline (Elavil), meperidine (Demerol), omeprazole (Prilosec), oral contraceptives, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), quinidine, rifampin, sedatives such as phenobarbital, sucralfate (Carafate), theophylline (Theo-Dur), tranquilizers such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), and other vitamins. Phenytoin affects the action of other medications, and many medications can affect the action of phenytoin. Inform your doctor and pharmacist everything you are taking.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding irregular heartbeat; low blood pressure; problems with your blood sugar; a blood disorder; or heart, kidney, or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking phenytoin, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking phenytoin.
o you should know that this drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this drug affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug.

Phenytoin may cause an upset stomach. Take phenytoin with food. If you are on enteral feeding, it is best to take phenytoin 2 hours before or after the enteral feeding. Drink plenty of water when taking this medicine.

If you give this drug to a child, observe and keep a record of the child's moods, behavior, attention span, hand-eye coordination, and ability to solve problems and perform tasks requiring thought. Ask the child's teacher to keep a similar record. This information can help the child's doctor determine whether to continue the drug or to change the dose or drug.

Wear identification (Medic Alert) indicating medication use and epilepsy.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Side effects from phenytoin are common. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o drowsiness
o redness, irritation, bleeding, and swelling of the gums
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o constipation
o stomach pain
o loss of taste and appetite
o weight loss
o difficulty swallowing
o mental confusion
o blurred or double vision (diplopia)
o insomnia (sleeplessness)
o nervousness
o muscle twitching
o headache
o increased hair growth

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o difficulty coordinating movements
o skin rash
o easy bruising
o tiny purple-colored skin spots
o bloody nose
o slurred speech
o unusual bleeding
o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o dark urine
o swollen glands
o fever
o sore throat

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

Brand Name(s):

o Dilantin®
o Dilantin® Infatabs®
o Dilantin® Kapseals®
o Dilantin-125®

Olopatadine

2006-06-21T16:19:00.002-07:00

Olopatadine

General Information and Indications:

Olopatadine is used to treat the symptoms of allergic pink eye. Olopatadine is in a class of medications called antihistamines. It works by blocking histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms.

Information For Users:

Olopatadine comes as an eyedrop to apply to the eye. It is usually applied to the affected eye(s) twice a day, around 6 to 8 hours apart. To help you remember to use olopatadine, use it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Use olopatadine exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

To apply the eyedrops, follow these steps:

o Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
o Use a mirror or have someone else put the drops in your eye.
o Make sure the end of the dropper is not chipped or cracked.
o Avoid touching the dropper against your eye or anything else.
o Hold the dropper tip down at all times to prevent drops from flowing back into the bottle and contaminating the remaining contents.
o Lie down or tilt your head back.
o Holding the bottle between your thumb and index finger, place the dropper as near as possible to your eyelid without touching it.
o Brace the remaining fingers of that hand against your cheek or nose.
o With the index finger of your other hand, pull the lower lid of the eye down to form a pocket.
o Drop the prescribed number of drops into the pocket made by the lower lid and the eye. Placing the drops on the surface of the eyeball can cause stinging.
o Close your eye and press lightly against the lower lid with your finger for 2-3 minutes to keep the medication in the eye. Do not blink.
o Replace and tighten the cap right away. Do not wipe or rinse it off.
o Wipe off any excess liquid from your cheek with a clean tissue. Wash your hands again.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to olopatadine, benzalkonium chloride, or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while using olopatadine, call your doctor.
o you should know that you should not wear contact lenses if your eye(s) is/are red. If your eye is not red and you wear contact lenses, you should know that olopatadine solution contains benzalkonium chloride, which can be absorbed by soft contact lenses. Remove your contact lenses before applying olopatadine and put them back in 10 minutes later.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Olopatadine may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o headache
o blurred vision (Impaired vision)
o eye burning or stinging
o dry eyes
o sore throat
o taste changes

Brand Name(s):

o Patanol®

Olmesartan

2006-06-21T16:19:00.001-07:00

Olmesartan

General Information and Indications:

Olmesartan is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Olmesartan is in a class of medications called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of certain chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows more smoothly.

Information For Users:

Olmesartan comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. To help you remember to take olmesartan, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take olmesartan exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Your doctor might start you on a low dose of olmesartan and slowly increase your dose, not more than once every 2 weeks.

Olmesartan controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. It may take up to 2 weeks before you feel the full benefit of olmesartan. Continue taking olmesartan even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking olmesartan without informing your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine

Olmesartan is sometimes also used to treat heart failure. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication for your condition.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to olmesartan or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention diuretics ('water pills'). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding heart failure; kidney disease; or angioedema, a condition that causes difficulty swallowing or breathing and painful swelling of the the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs.
o Inform your doctor if you are planning to become pregnant or are breast-feeding.
o you should know that olmesartan may cause your blood pressure to drop too low, especially after your first dose. Your doctor may want you to take your first dose in his office so he can see how you react to this medication.
If your doctor prescribes a low-salt or low-sodium diet, follow these directions carefully.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Olmesartan may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if this symptom is severe or does not go away:

o dizziness

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
o hoarseness
o difficulty swallowing or breathing

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o fainting
o dizziness
o blurred vision (Impaired vision)
o upset stomach
o fast or slow heartbeat

Brand Name(s):

o Benicar®

Other Name(s):

o Benicar® HCT containing Olmesartan Medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide

Olanzapine

2006-06-21T16:19:00.000-07:00

Olanzapine

General Information and Indications:

Olanzapine is used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia.(a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions). It is also used to treat episodes of mania (frenzied, abnormally excited or irritated mood) or mixed episodes (symptoms of mania and depression that happen together) in patients with bipolar I disorder (manic depressive disorder; a disease that causes episodes of depression, episodes of mania, and other abnormal moods). Olanzapine is in a class of medications called atypical antipsychotics. It works by changing the activity of certain natural substances in the brain.

Information For Users:

Olanzapine comes as a tablet and an orally disintegrating tablet (tablet that dissolves quickly in the mouth) to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day. Take olanzapine at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take olanzapine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

To take the orally disintegrating tablet, use dry hands to peel back the foil packaging. Immediately take out the tablet and place it in your mouth. The tablet will quickly dissolve and can be swallowed with saliva. No water is needed to swallow disintegrating tablets.

Olanzapine helps treat schizophrenia but does not cure it. It may take several weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of olanzapine. Continue taking olanzapine even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking olanzapine without informing your doctor, especially if you have taken large doses for a long time. Your doctor probably will want to decrease your dose gradually.
Other uses for this medicine

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to olanzapine or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: acetaminophen (Tylenol, others); antidepressants; antihistamines; atazanavir (Reyataz); carbamazepine (Tegretol); cholesterol-lowering medications (statins); cimetidine (Tagamet); dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine (Parlodel), cabergoline (Dostinex), levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa), pergolide (Permax), and ropinirole (Requip); fluoroquinolone antibiotics including ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gatifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), norfloxacin (Noroxin), ofloxacin (Floxin), others; fluvoxamine (Luvox); ipratropium (Atrovent); iron products; isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid); medications for anxiety, hypertension, irritable bowel disease, mental illness, motion sickness, Parkinson's disease, seizures, ulcers, or urinary problems; methotrexate (Rheumatrex); niacin (nicotinic acid); omeprazole (Prilosec); rifampin (Rifadin); sedatives; sleeping pills; ticlopidine (Ticlid); and tranquilizers. Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding a stroke, ministroke, heart disease or a heart attack, seizures, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, any condition that makes it difficult for you to swallow, high or low blood pressure, liver or prostate disease, paralytic ileus (food is unable to move through the intestine); glaucoma, or if you or anyone in your family has or has ever had diabetes. Also Inform your doctor if you have ever had to stop taking a medication for mental illness because of severe side effects.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking olanzapine, call your doctor. Do not breastfeed if you are taking olanzapine.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking olanzapine.
o you should know that olanzapine may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
o remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this medication. Do not drink alcohol while taking olanzapine
o Inform your doctor if you use tobacco products. Cigarette smoking may decrease the effectiveness of this medication.
o you should know that you may have increases in your blood sugar (hyperglycemia) while you are taking this medication, even if you do not already have diabetes. If you have schizophrenia, you are more likely to develop diabetes than people who do not have schizophrenia, and taking olanzapine or similar medications may increase this risk. Inform your doctor immediately if you have any of the following symptoms while you are taking olanzapine: extreme thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, blurred vision (Impaired vision), or weakness. It is very important to call your doctor as soon as you have any of these symptoms, because high blood sugar can cause more serious symptoms, such as dry mouth, upset stomach and vomiting, shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, or decreased consciousness, and may become life-threatening if it is not treated at an early stage.
o you should know that olanzapine may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when you get up too quickly from a lying position. This is more common when you first start taking olanzapine. To avoid this problem, get out of bed slowly, resting your feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up.
o you should know that olanzapine may make it harder for your body to cool down when it gets very hot. Inform your doctor if you plan to do vigorous exercise or be exposed to extreme heat.
o if you have phenylketonuria (PKU, an inherited condition in which a special diet must be followed to prevent mental retardation), you should know that the orally disintegrating tablets contain phenylalanine.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Olanzapine may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o drowsiness
o dizziness
o restlessness
o unusual behavior
o depression
o difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
o weakness
o difficulty walking
o constipation
o weight gain
o dry mouth
o pain in arms, legs, back, or joints
o diarrhea

Some adverse effects could be serious. If you experience any of the following symptoms or those listed in the SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS section, call your doctor without delay:

o seizures
o fainting
o shaking of hands that you can not control
o changes in vision
o uncontrollable movements of your arms, legs, tongue, face, or lips
o fever
o very stiff muscles
o excess sweating
o fast or irregular heartbeat
o unusual bruising or bleeding
o loss of appetite (anorexia)
o upset stomach
o yellowness of the skin or eyes
o pain in the upper right part of the stomach
o flu-like symptoms
o lack of energy

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o drowsiness
o slurred speech
o agitation
o fast heartbeat
o sudden movements that you can not control
o coma

Brand Name(s):

o Zyprexa®
o Zyprexa®
o Zydis®

Other Name(s): o Symbyax® containing Olanzapine and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride

Nystatin

2006-06-21T16:17:00.000-07:00

Nystatin

General Information and Indications:

Nystatin is used to treat fungal infections of the skin, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. Fungal medicines will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.

Information For Users:

Nystatin comes as a tablet and a liquid to take by mouth; a soft lozenge (pastille) to be dissolved slowly in the mouth; a tablet and vaginal cream to be inserted into the vagina; and in powder, ointment, and cream to be applied to the skin.

Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take nystatin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Allow the lozenges (pastilles) to dissolve slowly in your mouth. Do not chew or swallow lozenges whole. Continue to use nystatin lozenges (pastilles) for at least 48 hours after symptoms of your mouth infection disappear.

Nystatin liquid usually is used three to five times a day for mouth infections and three times a day for intestinal infections. Shake the bottle well before each use to mix the medication evenly. If you are using liquid nystatin for a mouth infection, place half of the dose in each side of the mouth and hold it there or swish it throughout the mouth for several minutes before swallowing. Good oral hygiene, including proper care of dentures, is important for the cure of mouth infections.

If you are using liquid nystatin for an intestinal infection, just swallow the liquid you measured from the dropper; there is no need to hold it or swish it in your mouth.

Nystatin skin ointment or cream usually is used several times a day for skin infections. Wash the affected area thoroughly. Apply a small amount of cream or ointment and gently and thoroughly massage it into your skin. If you use this medication on your face, keep it out of your eyes.

If you are using powder for infected feet, dust the powder inside your shoes and stockings as well as on your feet.

Nystatin vaginal tablets and cream usually are used once or twice a day for vaginal infections. Nystatin vaginal tablets usually are used for 2 weeks in women who are not pregnant and for 3-6 weeks before delivery in pregnant women. Continue to use the vaginal tablets and cream even if symptoms improve after a few days. Insert the vaginal tablets or cream high into the vagina. They each come with a special applicator for inserting them and directions. Unwrap the vaginal tablets just before inserting them. Read the directions provided with the tablets or cream and follow these steps:

o Fill the special applicator to the level indicated.
o Lie on your back with your knees drawn upward and spread apart.
o Gently insert the applicator into your vagina and push the plunger to release the medication.
o Withdraw the applicator and wash it with soap and warm water.
o Wash your hands promptly to avoid spreading the infection.

You may wish to wear a sanitary napkin while using the vaginal cream to protect your clothing against stains. Do not use a tampon because it will absorb the drug. Do not douche unless your doctor tells you to do so. Continue using nystatin vaginal cream or tablets even if you get your period during treatment.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to nystatin or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, including vitamins.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking nystatin, call your doctor.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of nystatin are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of these symptoms from the vaginal tablets and cream or skin ointment or cream are severe or do not go away:

o itching
o irritation
o burning

If you experience any of the following symptoms from the oral tablets and liquid, call your doctor without delay:

o diarrhea
o upset stomach
o stomach pain
o skin rash

Brand Name(s):

o Mycostatin®
o Mycostatin® Filmlok®
o Mycostatin® Pastilles
o Nystatin Ointment®
o Nystat-Rx®
o Nystop®
o Pedi-Dri®

Other Name(s):

o Myco-Triacet® II containing Nystatin and Triamcinolone Acetonide
o Mytrex® containing Nystatin and Triamcinolone Acetonide

Nifedipine

2006-06-21T16:16:00.003-07:00

Nifedipine

General Information and Indications:

Nifedipine is used to treat high blood pressure. It relaxes your blood vessels so your heart does not have to pump as hard. It also increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart to control chest pain (angina). If taken regularly, nifedipine controls chest pain, but it does not stop chest pain once it starts. Your doctor may give you a different medication to take when you have chest pain.

Information For Users:

Nifedipine comes as a capsule and an extended-release tablet (long-acting) to take by mouth. It is usually taken one or three times a day. The extended-release tablet should be taken on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal, and should be swallowed whole. Do not chew, divide, or crush the tablet. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take nifedipine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.

Nifedipine controls high blood pressure and chest pain (angina) but does not cure them. Continue taking nifedipine even if you feel well. Do not discontinue taking nifedipine without informing your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine

Nifedipine is also used sometimes to treat migraine headaches, Raynaud's syndrome, congestive heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication.

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to nifedipine or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially cimetidine (Tagamet); fentanyl (Duragesic); heart and blood pressure medications like beta-blockers, digoxin (Lanoxin), warfarin (Coumadin), and quinidine (Quinaglute, Quinidex); phenytoin (Dilantin); ranitidine (Zantac); and vitamins.
o inform your doctor if you are breast-feeding heart, liver, or kidney disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking nifedipine, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking nifedipine.

Nifedipine capsules may be taken with or without food, but the nifedipine extended-release tablets should be taken on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.

Avoid drinking grapefruit juice or eating grapefruit 1 hour before or for 2 hours after taking nifedipine.

Do not drink alcoholic beverages while taking this medication.

Talk to your doctor before using salt substitutes containing potassium. If your doctor prescribes a low-salt or low-sodium diet, follow these directions carefully.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Though adverse effects of nifedipine are not common, they could occur. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o headache
o upset stomach
o lightheadedness or dizziness
o extreme tiredness (fatigue)
o flushing
o heartburn
o fast heartbeat
o muscle cramps
o enlargement of gum tissue around teeth
o constipation
o nasal congestion
o cough
o decreased sexual ability (Impotence)

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor without delay:

o swelling of the face, eyes, lips, tongue, arms, or legs
o difficulty swallowing or breathing
o fainting
o rash
o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o increase in frequency or severity of chest pain (angina)

Brand Name(s):

o Adalat®
o Adalat® CC
o Nifedical® XL
o Procardia XL®

Nabumetone

2006-06-21T16:16:00.002-07:00

Nabumetone

General Information and Indications:

Nabumetone is used to relieve the pain, tenderness, inflammation (swelling), and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Nabumetone is in a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). It works by stopping the body's production of a substance that causes pain, fever, and inflammation.

Information For Users:

Nabumetone comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once or twice a day with or without food. To help you remember to take nabumetone, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Take nabumetone exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your health care provider.
Other uses for this medicine

Special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to nabumetone, aspirin or other NSAIDs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to mention any of the following: anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin), and diuretics ('water pills'). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
o Inform your doctor if you smoke or drink large amounts of alcohol and if you have or have ever had stomach problems such as ulcers; high blood pressure; heart failure; or kidney or liver disease.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking nabumetone, call your doctor.
o if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, Inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking nabumetone.
o plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Nabumetone may make your skin sensitive to sunlight.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Nabumetone may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o diarrhea
o heartburn
o stomach pain
o constipation
o gas or bloating
o upset stomach
o dizziness
o headache
o dry mouth
o white patches in the mouth
o vomiting
o extreme tiredness (fatigue)
o nervousness
o increased sweating
o difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o black and tarry stools (Melena)
o red blood in stools
o blood in the vomit (Hematemesis)
o vomiting that looks like coffee grounds
o swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
o unexpected weight gain
o yellowing of the skin or eyes, jaundice
o skin rash
o itching
o hives (Urticaria)
o difficulty swallowing or breathing
o ringing in the ears

Possible Symptoms of Overdose:

o lack of energy
o drowsiness
o upset stomach
o vomiting
o stomach pain
o difficulty breathing
o seizures
o coma

Brand Name(s):

o Relafen®

Mometasone

2006-06-21T16:16:00.001-07:00

Mometasone

General Information and Indications:

Mometasone nasal inhalation is used for the treatment and prevention of nasal symptoms of seasonal and year-round allergies, including runny nose, sneezing, and itchy nose. Mometasone nasal inhalation is in a class of medications called topical steroids. It works by reducing inflammation (swelling) in the nasal passages.

Information For Users:

Mometasone comes as a spray to inhale through the nose. It is usually sprayed once a day in each nostril. To help you remember to use mometasone nasal inhalation, use it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label, ask your doctor or pharmacist If you have any questions. Use mometasone nasal inhalation exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Shake the pump well before each use.

Do not spray mometasone nasal inhalation into the eyes.

For the prevention of nasal symptoms of seasonal allergies, begin using mometasone nasal inhalation 2-4 weeks before the beginning of the pollen season.

Mometasone nasal inhalation controls the nasal symptoms of allergies but does not cure them. You should begin to feel an improvement in your nasal allergies within 1--2 days of the first dose of mometasone nasal inhalation. It may take 1--2 weeks until you feel the full benefit of mometasone nasal inhalation. Continue to use mometasone nasal inhalation even if you feel well.

Before you use mometasone nasal inhalation the first time, read the written instructions that come with it. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to show you how to use it. Practice using the inhaler while he or she watches.

To use the nasal inhalation, follow these steps:

o Gently blow your nose to clear the nostrils.
o Close one nostril. Tilt your head forward slightly and keep the bottle upright while inserting the nasal applicator into the other other nostril.
o For each spray, press down firmly once on the shoulders of the white applicator using your forefinger and middle finger. Support the base of the bottle with your thumb. Breathe gently inward through the nostril.
o Breathe out through the mouth.
o Repeat in the other nostril.
o Replace the plastic cap.

Before using a new pump of mometasone nasal inhalation for the first time, prime the pump by spraying ten times or until a fine spray appears. If you do not use the pump for more than 1 week, prime it again by spraying two times or until a fine spray appears.

special precautions:

o Inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergy to mometasone or any other medications.
o Inform your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
o Inform your doctor if you have a fungal, bacterial, or viral infection or a herpes infection of the eye and if you have or have ever had tuberculosis, glaucoma, or cataracts. Also Inform your doctor if you have had a recent injury, surgery, or ulcer in the nose.
o Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while using mometasone nasal inhalation, call your doctor.
o avoid exposure to measles and chicken pox. If you are exposed to one of these diseases while using mometasone nasal inhalation, call your doctor without delay.

To clean the nasal applicator, remove the plastic cap and pull gently upward on the white nasal applicator so that it comes free. Wash the applicator and cap in cold water. Dry and replace the applicator, followed by the plastic cap.

Possible Adverse Effects:

Mometasone nasal inhalation may cause adverse effects. Inform your doctor if any of the following symptoms are severe or do not go away:

o headache
o vomiting
o sore throat
o cough

Some adverse effects could be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor without delay:

o wheezing
o vision changes
o yeast infection of the nose or throat

Mometasone nasal inhalation may cause children to grow more slowly. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking this medication.

Brand Name(s):

o Nasonex® Nasal Spray